退化梯度对克氏针茅种群遗传分化的影响

对重度退化、轻度退化和正常样地的克氏针茅种群进行RAPD研究。结果表明,3个种群扩增条带总数、多态位点比率、种群内稀有位点数、遗传多样性和基因多样性均是正常种群>轻度退化种群>重度退化种群。用Shannon指数估算3个种群的遗传多样性,其中72.39%的遗传变异存在于种群内,26.89%存在于种群间。重度退化与轻度退化种群,重度退化与正常种群间的遗传相似系数分别为0.8993和0.8159。在重度退化情况下克氏针茅种群遗传结构发生了一定的遗传分化。     

Pyramiding genes for resistance to bean common mosaic virus

Summary Gene pyramiding in Phaseolus vulgaris is being utilized to develop more effective resistance to the temperature-insensitive-necrosis-inducing (TINI) strains of Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) present in the USA. Our data indicate that contrary to previous work, the bc-3 gene is effective against these strains in the absence of the strain unspecific bc-u gene in genotypes possessing the I gene. The epistatic bc-3 gene interferes with traditional efforts to pyramid the other recessive resistance genes by masking their activity. Indirect selection based on markers linked to the other recessive resistance genes would likewise be ineffective without the ability to also select for the bc-u gene which is required for expression of the bc-2 ² gene in germplasm carrying the I gene. Because the most resistant genotype (I, bc-u, bc-I ², bc-2², bc-3) can only be introduced into a wide range of germplasm through the use of molecular markers linked to the different resistance genes, the search for a marker linked to the strain unspecific bc-u gene should also be given priority.     

泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性进行检测,从100个随机引物中筛选出21个引物对方斑东风螺的DNA进行扩增,结果表明:21个引物共检测到222条清晰且重复性好的条带,每个引物可扩增出4~16条带,分子量在200~2200bp之间,其中多态位点为156个,占70.27%;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.2818,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2491;个体间最大遗传距离为0.291,最小遗传距离为0.066。通过与其他贝类遗传多样性的研究结果比较,可初步判断泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。     

珠江河口区禾虫产业技术现状及增养殖效益分析

为了解疣吻沙蚕 (Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus) 基因组信息并高效地开发微卫星标记,指导其种质资源保护与新品种的遗传改良研究,采用低深度高通量测序开展全基因组survey,k-mer分析估计疣吻沙蚕基因组大小为759.53 Mb,杂合率1.41%,重复序列比例45.92%;初步组装获得2 181 621条scaffold,全长为840 375 821 bp。在基因组序列中检测到130 216个微卫星位点,丰度为154.9 个·Mb⁻¹。微卫星重复次数集中在4~18拷贝;单碱基重复比例最高 (35.00%),二碱基 (32.48%)、三碱基 (14.42%) 次之;二碱基、三碱基优势基序分别是AT/AT、AAT/ATT,表现出A/T碱基优势。从随机挑选的50对引物中筛选到15对多态标记,在30尾样本中共检测到87个等位基因,等位基因数 (N_a) 为2.000~12.000 (平均5.800),有效等位基因数 (N_e) 为1.164~6.713 (平均3.328),期望杂合度 (H_e) 为0.141~0.789 (平均0.561),多态信息含量 (PIC) 为0.136~0.776 (平均0.511);其中13个为高度或中度多态性位点,在遗传分析中有较高的实用价值。结果表明,疣吻沙蚕基因组为复杂基因组,其微卫星位点类型丰富且具备良好的多态性潜能,可为种质资源评价、群体遗传学及分子育种研究提供有效的标记资源。

     

家畜基因组遗传多态标记—微卫星标记研究进展(下)

３微卫星标记的应用自微卫星被发现以来就受到了家畜遗传育种家们的高度重视,并且充分认识到了把它作为畜种的基因组变异研究所具有的巨大的潜在价值。现在它已被十分成功地作为富含信息、又容易获得的基因标记,广泛用于构建物种的遗传连锁图,基因鉴定（基因诊断）、物...     

Evaluation of genetic diversity among some Iranian wild asparagus populations using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers

An evaluation of genetic diversity in 39 wild asparagus populations was carried out using morphological and RAPD markers. A combination of morphological traits and random RAPD primers was used to examine the level of genetic variation and polymorphisms among the populations. A factor analysis using Ward's method on mean values of morphological characteristics indicated seven main factors resulting in four groups. Analysis of polymorphic bands using Jaccard's similarity coefficient indicated that genetic similarity ranged between 0.71 and 0.29. At a similarity level of 0.64, the populations were divided in three sub-clusters, containing 34, four and one populations, respectively. Significant regression associations were found between 21 morphological characteristics and 18 RAPD markers, revealing some informative markers associated with some traits. The highest R² was related to 18 RAPD markers associated with gender (53.5%) that among them BA-04₂₀₀₀ had a maximum R². The results showed that Iranian wild asparagus with its high levels of genetic variation could be considered as a valuable gene pool for future asparagus breeding programs. Furthermore, it could be inferred that morphological characteristics and RAPD markers are suitable tools to discriminate asparagus populations for the evaluation of genetic diversity.     

柑桔体细胞融合再生9个组合的二倍体叶肉亲本类型植株

电场诱导９个柑桔种间及体内体细胞融合,各组合均再生叶肉原生质体亲本类型植株。这些植株经形态学和细胞学检查证明为二倍体（２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１８）。对其中５个组合进行ＲＡＰＤ分析表明,４个组合植株的谱带在所分析的引物上均表现为与叶肉细胞亲本谱带一致,另１个组合,即Ｐａｇｅ柑柚＋粗柠檬,个别植株除含有叶肉亲本的所有谱带外,还扩增出了悬浮系亲本的部分特征带,为杂种类型。探讨了这类植株的产生原因及潜在价值。     

Boer山羊与山西地方山羊品种聚类分析

应用RAPD技术对Boer山羊与山西地方山羊品种的遗传多态性进行了研究,利用基因频率进行了聚类分析,结果表明:1)四个品种的RAPD标记具有丰富的多态性,多态性带占总带数的63.81%,单个引物获得RAPD带数在3～10之间,各片段分子量大小在200～3252bp之间,所得多态性位点频率的变化范围在50%～81.8%。2)聚类分析表明:黎城大青羊与阳城白山羊首先聚为一类,具有较近的亲缘关系,吕梁黑山羊具有独特的遗传特性。山西主要地方山羊聚为一类,与国外品种波尔山羊亲缘关系较远。3)根据对4个品种遗传差异的分析,认为波尔山羊与吕梁黑山羊进行杂交组合,可望获得较高的杂种优势。     

基于白木香ESTs的沉香属SSR分子标记引物筛选

通过对白木香样品的454GS FLX Titanium高通量测序,获取了大量白木香EST序列,从中搜索出956个SSR,根据引物设计标准,设计了44对EST-SSR引物。在合适的PCR反应体系下,以海南白木香样品的DNA为模板,对设计的EST-SSR引物进行筛选,发现有22对EST-SSR引物能较好地扩增出产物。在沉香属3个种9份样品中进一步对这些可扩增的引物进行多态性初步验证,所筛选引物均可在所有沉香属样品中使用,为后续白木香居群及沉香属植物遗传多样性分析奠定基础。     

茶树EST SSRs特点及应用

利用NCBI公共数据库下载获得的3 306条茶树EST,去除其中低质量和冗余的序列,得到全长为635.46 kb的1 335条无冗余EST,在这些序列中共发现216个SSR,分布于185个EST中,出现的频率为16.18%,平均每2.94 kb的表达序列中有1个SSR。茶树的EST-SSR类型丰富,其中二核苷酸重复出现的频率最高,占主导地位。利用Primer 5.0软件从185条含有SSR的EST中设计引物100对,从中随机选取60对引物检测EST-SSR在云南茶树资源中的多态性。结果表明,有30对引物在供试的63份茶树资源中得到有效扩增,并具有多态性;共检测到等位基因数71个,每对引物检测出的等位基因数2~8个,平均4.9个;多态信息量(PIC)变幅为0~0.731,平均为0.499;观察杂合度变幅为0~0.970,平均0.392。EST-SSR标记分析表明云南茶树资源具有较高的遗传多样性。