粮食污染物残留免疫分析技术研究与示范

随着人们对粮食安全问题的重视,政府部门不断加强对粮食安全的监测工作。针对粮食生产、加工、储运过程中的化学污染物安全性问题,研究粮食污染物快速监测技术,研究污染物免疫分析方法通过利用抗原、抗体的特异性反应来检测农药含量,设计并筛选吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯、氰戊菊酯4种半抗原,制备相关高特异性的抗体,分析吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯与气相色谱法(GC)相比,稻谷、大米、玉米样品通过相关性分析均高度相关,操作简便、快速。     

多溴联苯醚对大鼠肝细胞CYP1A2依赖性MROD活性的影响

采用未成熟SD大鼠肝细胞微粒体为试验材料,以2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-并-二哑噁英(2,3,7,8- tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)作为参照,利用甲氧基-异酚噁脱甲基酶(methoxyresorufin-O- demethylase,MROD)竞争性抑制动力学和荧光光谱法分析法,测定了5种多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)对7-甲氧基-异酚噁唑脱甲基反应的影响,间接研究了这些PBDEs对CYP1A2 的竞争性抑制作用。结果表明,和TCDD相比,PBDEs对MROD活性的抑制作用较弱,亦即对CYP1A2的 竞争性抑制作用较弱。     

1-O-Alkylglycerol Ethers from the Marine Sponge Guitarra abbotti and Their Cytotoxic Activity

The cytotoxicity-bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract from the marine sponge Guitarra abbotti, whose 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol ethers (AGEs) have not been investigated so far, led to the isolation of a complex lipid fraction containing, along with previously known compounds, six new lipids of the AGE type. The composition of the AGE fraction as well as the structures of 6 new and 22 previously known compounds were established using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GC/MS, and chemical conversion methods. The new AGEs were identified as: 1-O-(Z-docos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (1), 1-O-(Z-docos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (2), 1-O-(Z-tricos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (3), 1-O-(Z-tricos-16-enyl)-sn-glycerol (4), 1-O-(Z-tricos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (5), and 1-O-(Z-tetracos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (6). The isolated AGEs show weak cytotoxic activity in THP-1, HL-60, HeLa, DLD-1, SNU C4, SK-MEL-28, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cells. A further cytotoxicity analysis in JB6 P⁺ Cl41 cells bearing mutated MAP kinase genes revealed that ERK2 and JNK1 play a cytoprotective role in the cellular response to the AGE-induced cytotoxic effects.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel oxime ether pyrethroids

A series of novel 2-methylthio-3'/4'-substituted acetophenone oxime O-ethers were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acetophenone oximes with halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide and phase-transfer catalysis or with triethyl quaternary ammonium salts of halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide. These compounds showed notable insecticidal activity against Homopteran and Lepidopteran pests. 2-Methylthio-4'-fluoroacetophenone oxime O-[(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methyl] ether was more effective than the commercial insecticides chlorfenapyr and fenvalerate.     

茚酮肟醚衍生物的合成与生物活性

通过傅－克反应及环化、肟化、成醚等反应,合成了10个未见文献报道的茚酮肟醚类化合物,其结构均经1H NMR、IR、LC/MS及元素分析确证。初步生物活性测试结果表明,所合成的化合物具有明显的杀菌活性或杀虫活性,如在100 mg/L时,化合物 V1 对小麦白粉病菌Erysiphe graminis 的抑制率为 95.6%, V5 对粘虫Mythimna separata的致死率为100%。     

纳米CuI催化偶联反应合成二苯醚类农药中间体

二苯醚是一种重要的农药中间体,通过W/O微乳法,制备出形貌均一的球状纳米CuI,并应用于催化C-O交叉偶联反应中,在温和的反应条件下,合成了具有优良产率的二苯醚类化合物,该方法可在今后的农药合成中应用。     

茶园土壤和茶树叶片农药残留量规律的探讨

对福建省１０８个有代表性的茶园有机氯农药六六六（ＢＨＣ）、滴滴涕（ＤＤＴ）残留量现状进行调查，共采茶树鲜叶、土样和背景土样３４４个．分析结果表明：（１）ＢＨＣ在茶树及土壤中分布均匀，且主要残留于土壤中，但均已自然降解到较低水平；ＤＤＴ主要残留于树体，茶树与土壤中的分布有明显差异．ＢＨＣ污染来自以往施药所致，ＤＤＴ污染主要是８０年代引起，ＤＤＴ残留量高于ＢＨＣ．（２）名贵品种种植园土壤ＤＤＴ残留量比一般品种园高，但其叶片农药残留量却比一般品种园低．（３）各品种茶树叶片及其种植土壤农药残留量均与树龄、海拔高度、土壤深度等有一定相关     

再力花对河涌底泥中多溴联苯醚的去除

选用河涌常见植物——再力花对河涌底泥中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)进行原位生物修复研究,通过室内盆栽实验,考察了植物在修复过程中的作用、修复过程中多溴联苯醚种类和含量的变化以及底泥微生物活性对PBDEs去除的影响。结果表明,再力花可以有效提高底泥中十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的去除率,历经390 d,空白组BDE-209含量由1.33 mg·kg-1降至1.13 mg·kg-1,处理组则降至0.97 mg·kg-1,去除率由15%提高到27%。使用GC-MS对BDE-209降解产物进行检测分析,结果表明再力花对底泥中BDE-209降解过程中会产生BDE-207、BDE-206等三溴-九溴联苯醚产物。对底泥中的微生物活性和去除率结果分析表明,植物的种植可以提高底泥中微生物的活性,进而提高BDE-209的去除率。     

N-苯氧苯基取代的α-氨基酸衍生物的合成及生物活性

 【目的】合成N-苯氧苯基取代的α-氨基酸衍生物,并测定化合物的生物活性及其在植物体内的传导性。【方法】通过氨基二苯醚类化合物分别与乙醛酸乙酯和丙酮酸乙酯缩合,形成2个希夫碱化合物（Ia-Ib）,并经NaBH4还原,合成了5个N-苯氧苯基取代的α-氨基酸衍生物,以二苯醚类除草剂三氟羧草醚为对照药剂,测定化合物对水稻幼苗根、芽的室内生物活性;以空心莲子草为试验材料,以苯氧苯基甘氨酸乙酯（IIa）为试验药剂,喷雾处理空心莲子草后采用HPLC法测定该化合物在植株根中的含量来判断其传导性。【结果】化合物Ⅰa和Ⅱa对水稻幼苗的根、芽的生长均具有一定的抑制作用,化合物Ⅱb在低浓度下对水稻芽具有促进生长的作用,化合物Ⅱc和Ⅱd在低浓度下对水稻幼苗的根具有促进生长的作用;供试化合物在光照条件下的生物活性均比在黑暗条件下高;利用化合物Ⅱa 300 mg•L-1的药液喷雾处理空心莲子草地上部分12 h后,在其根部检测到目标化合物(IIa)含量为8.67 mg•kg-1 FW。【结论】二苯醚类化合物衍生出氨基酸基团后,所得衍生物既保留了二苯醚类除草剂的需光性除草活性特点,又增加了经由植物韧皮部向根部的传导性。     

Characterizing the pigmented traditional rice cultivars grown in temperate regions of Kashmir (India) for free and bound phenolics compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties

The purpose of the research was to identify the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of seven different traditional pigmented whole rice cultivars grown in the temperate regions of Kashmir so as to study their relationship with in vitro antioxidant capacities. The completely pigmented rice cultivars were found to have higher phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than the light colored and sparely colored rice cultivars. A total of 40 compounds had been identified in the analyzed rice cultivars that were found to be distributed in 6 major categories with 6-phenolics, 6-flavonoids, 11-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 7-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 3-anthocyanins and 7-flavonoid glucosides of different flavonoid compounds. Among the free and bound fractions for each cultivars the light and sparsely colored depicted higher content of phenolics and in vitro antioxidant properties in bound faction, while the completely pigmented cultivars showed higher antioxidant properties in free fractions. The anthocyanins quercetin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-diglucoside had been identified by LC-MS existing in the free fractions of the analyzed rice cultivars whereas, the free fraction of acetone + H₂O possessed higher percentage of phenolic compounds as compared to methanolic extracts and bound fractions. The black colored cultivars possessed higher DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition.