盐度、温度和体质量对钝吻黄盖鲽幼鱼排氨率和耗氧率的影响

采用静水密闭式呼吸实验方法研究了不同盐度(8、14、20、26、32)、温度(10、15、20℃)和不同体质量(共6组)对钝吻黄盖鲽(Pleuronectes yokohama)幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明,盐度在8~32时对钝吻黄盖鲽幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率影响显著,且二者都随盐度降低而减小;温度在10~20℃时对钝吻黄盖鲽幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率影响显著,在该范围下二者都随温度升高而增大;钝吻黄盖鲽幼鱼随体质量的增加耗氧率和排氨率在减小。随着盐度的增加和温度的降低,二者的O∶N都在降低,范围分别为44.441~12.278和13.446~17.631,在该温度区间下(10~20℃)呼吸和排泄的Q10平均值分别为1.545和2.018,不同体质量下O∶N相差不大。本实验设置的盐度和温度条件下,钝吻黄盖鲽幼鱼的能源物质绝大多数为脂肪和蛋白质,只是所占的比例不同,只有在盐度为8的情况下能源物质为脂肪和糖类。     

全封闭循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对钝吻黄盖鲽生长的影响

为了评估全封闭循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对钝吻黄盖鲽生长的影响及水质变化情况,将体质量为(250.00±50.83)g的钝吻黄盖鲽分成8个试验组(放养密度分别为18、22、26、30、34、38、42、46 kg/m³),进行了3个月的饲养试验,检测不同养殖密度下鱼的成活率、体质量增长率及饲料系数,同时对试验期间氨氮、亚硝酸盐和溶解氧等各项水质指标的动态变化进行监测。试验结果显示,各试验组鱼的成活率均达到96%以上,但随着养殖密度的增加,钝吻黄盖鲽的成活率总体呈现降低的趋势;低密度组(18 kg/m³)的体质量增长率最高,为36.1%,高密度组(46 kg/m³)的体质量增长率最低,为24.8%,且体质量增长率随着养殖密度的增加而逐渐降低;随着养殖密度的增加,饲料系数呈逐渐升高的趋势;养殖期间各项水质指标均保持在适宜钝吻黄盖鲽生长的范围内。结果表明,在本试验的循环水养殖系统中,综合考量养殖生长指标及单位面积产量,钝吻黄盖鲽规模化生产的最适养殖密度为42～46 kg/m³。     

Purification and characterization of a 630 kDa bacterial killing metalloprotease (KilC) isolated from plaice Pleuronectes platessa (L.), epidermal mucus

Antibacterial chemicals in the mucus of fish such as lysozyme, lectins, peptides and proteases provide an efficient first line of defence against pathogens. This study shows that there are at least three antibacterial proteins in plaice skin mucus in addition to lysozyme. One of these proteins is responsible for approximately 74% of the antibacterial activity and is a 630 kDa protease complex designated KilC (bacterial killing metalloprotease C). Purified KilC kills the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa efficiently. The protease activity of KilC is dependent upon the divalent cation Mg(2+) and shows pH dual optima of 5.0 and 8.0. The enzyme has a temperature optimum of 25 degrees C and is made up of at least five different sized peptides. Studies with protease inhibitors show that the catalytic site of KilC may be cysteine- or serine protease-like. KilC may kill bacterial cells by acting directly upon the bacteria or by producing low molecular weight bioactive compounds such as peptides.     

Patterns in the spawning of cod (Gadus morhua L.), sole (Solea solea L.) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in the Irish Sea as determined by generalized additive modelling

Eleven ichthyoplankton cruises were undertaken covering most of the Irish Sea during the period February to June, 1995. To identify spawning localities and investigate temporal trends in egg production, the data on stage 1 A egg distributions of cod ( Gadus morhua ), plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa ) and sole ( Solea solea ) have been modelled using generalized additive models (GAMs). A two-stage approach was adopted where presence/absence was firstly modelled as a binary process and a GAM surface subsequently fitted to egg production (conditional on presence). We demonstrate that this approach can be used to model egg production both in space and in time. The spawning sites for cod, plaice and sole in the Irish Sea were defined in terms of the probability of egg occurrence. For cod, we demonstrate that by integrating under predicted egg production surfaces, a cumulative production curve can be generated and used to define percentiles of production and thus delimit the extent of the spawning season. However, for plaice and sole, the surveys did not fully cover the spawning season and the limitations that this imposes on GAM modelling of these data are discussed. Comparison of the spawning sites in 1995 with historical data suggests that the locations of cod, plaice and sole egg production in the Irish Sea have probably remained relatively constant over the last 30 years.     

Parentage assignment in hatchery population of brown sole <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleuronectes herzensteini</Emphasis> by microsatellite DNA markers

ABSTRACT:   Five loci ( Phz2 , Phz6 , Phz7 , Phz12 , and Phz14 ) of microsatellite DNA markers developed in a previous study for parentage assignment in the hatchery population generated by mating among 61 broodstock fish (35 females and 26 males) in a spawning tank, were selected. After natural spawning in the same tank, larvae collected at three different times were categorized into early phase (EP), middle phase (MP), and late phase (LP) groups. In the parental broodstock, the mean number of alleles per locus was 21.8 and expected heterozygosity ( H _E ) was 0.813. In the progeny, the mean number of alleles per locus decreased to 11.6 (EP), 14.4 (MP), and 6.4 (LP) and H _E to 0.796 (EP), 0.833 (MP), and 0.681 (LP). Parental assignment determined eight dams and six sires as major parents for the EP group. In the MP group, 13 dams and ten sires genetically contributed to spawning, but only three dams and two sires were involved in LP group progeny. In the hatchery population produced from a limited number of parental fish such as the LP group, genetic variability was apparently decreased.     

钝吻黄盖鲽精子冷冻保存及生理特性分析

钝吻黄盖鲽(Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)是鲆鲽鱼类中重要的天然捕捞和养殖对象,但由于生态环境变化、人工捕捞过度等因素,导致其种质资源数量降低,进行精子冷冻保存技术研究,对其种质资源保存具有重要意义.本研究以性成熟的雄性钝吻黄盖鲽为实验材料,对精子稀释液种类及成分、抗冻剂种类、激活精子海水盐度和冷冻精液授精实验等进行筛选,实验数据利用SPSS 19.0软件进行单因素方差分析和Student-Newman-Keuls分析.结果表明,利用MFs-3(8 g/L NaCl+0.65 g/L KCl+15 g/L Glucose)稀释液分别与20％1,2丙二醇(1,2-propylene glycol,PG)和20％乙二醇(ethylene glycol,EG)抗冻剂作为精子抗冻保存液时,冷冻效果最好,其中PG组对应的精子活力、快速运动时间和寿命分别为(95.26±0.39)％、(46.00±1.00)s和(124.33±4.04)s,EG组则为(95.15±0.41)％、(45.67±0.58)s和(124.00±3.00)s.利用盐度为10～50的人工配制的海水激活解冻后的精子,发现当盐度为30时,精子活力高达(95.07±0.69)％,与对照组相比不存在显著性差异.将PG组和EG组冷冻保存的精子解冻后分别与其卵进行授精实验,PG组受精率和孵化率为(80.08±0.68)％和(77.44±1.76)％,EG组则为(80.17±0.45)％和(77.92±1.33)％,与鲜精相比无显著性差异.利用计算机辅助精子分析系统(computer-aided sperm analysis,CASA)测定MFs-3+20％ PG和MFs-3+20％ EG冷冻保存的钝吻黄盖鲽精子的各项运动参数,结果显示,二者的曲线运动速度(curvilinear velocity,VCL)、直线运动速度(straight line velocity,VSL)、平均鞭打频率(beat cross frequency,BCF)、运动的直线性(linearity,LIN)和运动的前向性(straightness,STR)的数值差异性不显著.本研究利用MFs-3+20％ PG和MFs-3+20％ EG成功冷冻了钝吻黄盖鲽的精子,为钝吻黄盖鲽精子冷冻保存技术、人工杂交育种繁殖及种质资源库的建立奠定了基础.     

两种黄盖鲽线粒体DNA部分片段比较分析

比较分析了钝吻黄盖鲽（Pleuronectes yokohama）和尖吻黄盖鲽（P. herzensteini）线粒体基因组COI、Cyt b基因以及D-Loop片段总长度为1373 bp的核苷酸序列,两种间共检测到107处核苷酸替换,蛋白质编码基因上的核苷酸替代主要是第三密码子位点上的同义替换。核苷酸组成分析结果表明：三个目的片段的鸟嘌呤（G）含量普遍较低,在两个蛋白编码基因第三密码子位点上表现得尤为明显。两种黄盖鲽在线粒体基因组不同片段上存在明显的遗传分化,核苷酸替代速率最快的是D-Loop,COI和Cyt b核苷酸替代速率基本一致。建议在进行黄盖鲽属鱼类分子系统发育研究时,应该针对不同研究目的选择合适的分子标记。基于Cyt b基因片段序列的分析结果表明：钝吻黄盖鲽和尖吻黄盖鲽两种的分岐时间约为200万年,两种间的分化事件发生在更新世（Pleistocene）。