大白菜子叶离体培养再生植株

 探讨了植物激素、AgNO₃ 和琼脂浓度对大白菜子叶培养芽再生和植株再生的影响。结果表明:优化培养基条件为MS 培养基中加入5 mg / L BA、0. 5 mg/ L NAA、2 mg/ L AgNO₃ 和1. 2%~ 1. 6 %琼脂。培养过程中, 子叶的乙烯释放量对芽再生起很重要的作用, 具有高芽再生率的基因型或高浓度琼脂的培养条件下, 子叶产生的乙烯量较少。培养基中有AgNO₃ 存在时, 尽管子叶的乙烯释放量增加, 芽再生率也有提高。对子叶的乙烯释放量和不定芽再生的关系进行了讨论。     

不同镉水平对白菜生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

 不同镉(cd)水平对白菜[Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis (L．)Makino]两个品种生长及抗氧化酶活性研究结果表明：cd 1 mg·L^-1 对两品种生长(除‘杭州油冬儿’地上部干质量)及叶绿素 含量无显著影响，cd 10 mg·L^-1显著抑制植株生长(除‘沪青1号’根干质量)，减少叶绿素含量。cd可诱导叶片中活性氧0₂^-. 、H₂O₂的产生，引起膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的累积。Cd 1 mg’L 显著增加‘沪青1号’过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及‘杭州油冬儿’抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APx) 活性。cd 10 mg·L 显著降低两品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD ) 、CAT、APX及‘沪青1号’POD活性， 显著增加脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。     

Untersuchungen zur Übertragung von Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus auf gesunde Kartoffelknollen

Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1999 bis 2003 wurde in Freiland-, Klimakammer- und Lagerungsversuchen überprüft, ob ein Risiko für die Übertragung des Erregers der Bakteriellen Ringfäule der Kartoffel (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus) besteht, wenn (a) gesunde Kartoffelknollen in Kontakt mit Maschinen und Geräten kommen, die mit dem Erreger kontaminiert sind (indirekter Kontakt) und (b) gesunde Kartoffelknollen direkt in Kontakt mit infizierten Knollen kommen (direkter Kontakt). Nach indirektem Kontakt konnte nur beim nachfolgenden Anbau der kontaminierten Knollen in der Klimakammer Befall in Kraut und Knollen festgestellt werden. Im Freiland konnte der Erreger, auch bei wiederholtem Nachbau der geernteten Knollen, nicht nachgewiesen werden. Nach direktem Kontakt und nachfolgendem Anbau der kontaminierten Knollen in der Klimakammer und im Freiland, wurde der Erreger in allen Fällen in den geerntete Knollen nachgewiesen. Befall im Kraut wurde nur in dem Klimakammerversuch und in einem Freilandversuch ermittelt. Wurden durch direkten Kontakt kontaminierte Knollen eingelagert, konnte der Erreger in allen untersuchten Knollen festgestellt werden. Insgesamt besteht ein hohes Risiko, dass gesunde Knollen infiziert werden, wenn oberflächliche Kontaminationen mit dem Erreger erfolgen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Infektionen steigt mit zunehmender Kontaminationsstärke.     

尿素配施氯化铵对菜心产量及其品质的影响

利用盆栽试验，研究尿素配施不同比例的氯化铵对菜心硝酸盐积累的影响，结果表明：随着尿素配施氯化铵比例的增加，菜心氯含量增加，硝酸盐含量下降，而全N含量、叶绿素含量和收获前的产量变化不大。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区沙棘优良品种引种栽培试验研究

1994-2003年在黄土高原半干旱区的陕西吴旗县、安塞县进行中国沙棘优良类型和俄罗斯优良沙棘品种引种试验,采用家系选择法初步筛选出5个中国沙棘生态经济型优良单株,对3个俄罗斯良种沙棘的生长适应性经济性状进行了评价。前者生长迅速、树冠好、根系发达、郁闭快、水土保持效益好,果实较大、单株产量较高、Vc和含油量较高,适于在黄土丘陵区种植;后者经济性状较好,果实大、无刺或少刺,但适应性较中国沙棘差。     

N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and derivatives as acaricides. II. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and chemodynamic behaviour

The biological activity of a series of N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and -carbodiimides, analogues of the insecticide/acaricide diafenthiuron, towards the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) and the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae Koch) was analysed using QSAR methodology. A canonical correlation analysis allowed for the establishment of a prediction model and the identification of outliers within that model. The chemodynamic behaviour of certain compounds in the two series, including these outliers, determined by using photochemical experiments in the laboratory as well as in the glasshouse, was shown to be responsible for anomalous results obtained in the biological tests. It was found from the above study that the biological activity towards both spider mite species is extremely sensitive to the kinetics of formation of the carbodiimides from the corresponding thioureas and to the photostability of the former. The results obtained with a thiourea which underwent no appreciable photochemical transformation into the corresponding carbodiimide supported the hypothesis that the thioureas are also in-vivo propesticides of the acaricidal carbodiimides.     

Effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of sweet oranges by Asiatic citrus canker

Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas smithii ssp. citri , formerly X. axonopodis pv. citri , is one of the most serious phytosanitary problems in Brazilian citrus crops. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection and subsequent symptom development of citrus canker in sweet orange cvs Hamlin, Natal, Pera and Valencia. The quantified variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, mean lesion density and mean lesion size at temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42°C, and leaf wetness durations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Symptoms did not develop at 42°C. A generalized beta function showed a good fit to the temperature data, severity being highest in the range 30–35°C. The relationship between citrus canker severity and leaf wetness duration was explained by a monomolecular model, with the greatest severity occurring at 24 h of leaf wetness, with 4 h of wetness being the minimum duration sufficient to cause 100% incidence at optimal temperatures of 25–35°C. Mean lesion density behaved similarly to disease severity in relation to temperature variation and leaf wetness duration. A combined monomolecular-beta generalized model fitted disease severity, mean lesion density or lesion size as a function of both temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures for the occurrence of disease were 12°C and 40°C, respectively.     

Major gene resistance in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is overcome by changes in virulence of populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in France and Australia

Resistance of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) conferred by three different major resistance genes has been overcome by changes in virulence of Leptosphaeria maculans populations in France and Australia. In South Australia where B. napus cultivars with major gene resistance derived from Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris were grown extensively, resistance was rendered ineffective within 3 years of commercial release of the cultivar. Disease severity was higher on cultivars with sylvestris-derived resistance than cultivars with polygenic resistance. This Australian situation is compared to that in France, where resistance conferred by the Rlm1 gene was overcome nation-wide in 5 years under commercial cropping practices, and also where a source of resistance introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea was rendered inefficient in 3 years in experimental field plots near Rennes.     

盐胁迫下百合两个品种的叶绿体和线粒体超微结构比较

 对两个百合品种盐胁迫下超微结构的变化进行了研究分析。结果表明: ‘Prato’对照和低盐浓度处理下, 叶肉细胞内细胞器丰富, 叶绿体片层排列整齐, 高盐处理导致细胞器减少, 叶绿体解体; 而‘Sorbonne’在低盐处理水平表现异常, 其细胞器降解, 叶绿体空化, 片层排列松散, 且两品种的线粒体较叶绿体早表现出异常, 故推测可能是线粒体结构的损伤进而功能丧失, 最终导致叶绿体结构和功能的破坏,叶片提前衰老。     

白菜病程相关蛋白1基因cDNA全长的克隆与分析

 以水杨酸处理后的‘苏州青’白菜为材料, 通过RT2PCR和RACE技术, 获得了白菜病程相关蛋白PR-1基因的cDNA全长序列。该基因与甘蓝型油菜PR-1基因氨基酸序列的同源性为91% , 与拟南芥的同源性为78% , 与其它植物的同源性为57%～60%。Southern杂交表明该基因在白菜基因组中的拷贝数至少为2个。半定量RT2PCR分析表明, 2 mmol/L的水杨酸处理后12 h, 该基因的表达量达到高峰。