光照分布不均的米粒数目统计

通过对光照不均匀的米粒灰度图像进行最佳阈值分割和特征提取,获得对米粒数目的自动检测方法。该方法具有较强的光照分布不均和面积大小适应性。经仿真试验,检测结果可以达到97%以上。同时,相较于同类算法,该方法算法简单,运行时间较短。     

Genetic characterization by fluorescent AFLP of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species

The genetic diversity of 71 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species and from diverse geographical regions was determined by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (f-AFLP) analysis. The study was carried out using three different selective primer combinations. Strains of P. syringae pv. syringae , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola , P. syringae pv. glycinea , P. syringae pv. tagetis and P. amygdali were also included as outgroups. Based on cluster analysis of f-AFLP data, all P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains showed a high degree of similarity, grouping in a cluster and forming a taxon clearly separate from outgroup strains. AFLP analyses failed to support placing strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and P. syringae pv. glycinea in the same species. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi formed subclusters that correlated with the host species. Strains identified within these subclusters were related to the geographical region where the strains were isolated. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi from olive were divided into two subclusters. Strains from oleander were differentiated from those from ash and were divided into two additional subclusters, distinct from olive strains. Three strains isolated from jasmine showed a high level of similarity among them but, at a lower Dice similarity coefficient, were linked to a subcluster including olive strains. Finally, two strains isolated from privet were similar to strains from olive and were included in the same subcluster.     

内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究Ⅰ.以绵羊增重及经济效益为管理目标

(1)绵羊个体增重与放牧率呈线性负相关,个体最大增重临界放牧率,因季节不同而变化,随着个体增重与放牧率回归系数b绝对值的增大而降低,以始、终放牧期间所得临界放牧率最小,(2.04羊/hm²)。(2)公顷增重与放牧率的关系符合二次曲线,在达到公顷最大增重以前,随着放牧率的增大而增大,之后则随着放牧率的增大而下降,平均543羊/hm²。(3)公顷最大增重并不一定获取公顷最大利润,主要视买卖价格及其差值而定。(4)以冷蒿小禾草为主的退化草原,宜以个体最大增重的适宜放牧率作为管理标准,以使该类草原在利用中得以恢复。     

宿主域扩大的重组救活昆虫杆状病毒表达载体的构建及外源基因的表达

通过克隆的家蚕核多角体病毒解旋酶基因DNA与重组救活可线性化的苜蓿尺蠖核多角体病毒基因工程载体病毒 (BacPAK6 )DNA在昆虫细胞中发生重组 ,经累代筛选获得了既可感染家蚕又可感染秋粘虫细胞Sf 2 1的宿主域扩大的昆虫杆状病毒表达载体 (HyBacPAK6 )。HyBacPAK6DNA经Bsu36Ⅰ酶切后与含植酸酶基因的转移载体pVL1393 phy在家蚕细胞中重组后 ,通过蓝白斑筛选发现重组率可达 90 %以上。然而以杂交病毒为载体的外源基因表达量仅为以BmNPV为载体病毒的表达量的 2 0 %左右。分析认为HyBacPAK6可用于表达一些对蚕体有害的外源基因。     

Towards the development of a bioeconomic stocking model for the semi‐arid savanna of KwaZulu‐Natal

Abstract

Rainfall variability is a major determinant of system dynamics and profitability of livestock enterprises in arid and semi‐arid environments. Range managers consequently require detailed information on the financial and ecological implications of various stocking strategies in order to formulate viable management systems. Data collected over seven seasons (1986–1993), from a series of extensive grazing trials in the semi‐arid savanna of KwaZulu‐Natal with cattle stocked at three rates (0.17, 0.23 and 0.30 LSU ha^?1) were used to develop a bioeconomic stocking model (LOWBEEF). The model comprised two biological sub‐models (BEEF and GRASS), and an integrated economic component. The BEEF sub‐model related seasonal live mass gain to stocking rate and rainfall. The GRASS sub‐model related residual herbage at the end of summer to summer stocking intensity, range condition (indexed as the sum of proportions of three key forage species, Themeda triandra, Panicum maximum and P. coloratum) and rainfall. The period over which supplementary feeding would be required to maintain cattle mass was related to residual summer herbage mass. The biological sub‐models were linked to an economic component model (ECON) to reflect the influence of various environmental and economic parameters on profitability.     

Habitat use and home range of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) on farmlands in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) are an abundant mesopredator on farmlands (croplands and rangelands) across South Africa. Given their adaptability in a changing anthropogenic landscape, knowledge of spatial movements can provide important ecological information on the species. We captured, collared and monitored five black-backed jackals in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal to determine their home range and habitat use in farmlands. The 95% fixed kernel (95% FK) home range sizes were large, showing a marked seasonal variation in movement. One adult male dispersed 150?km over two seasons (winter and spring) and thereafter settled into a home range that it maintained. Transient home ranges of males and juveniles were larger than resident home ranges. The mean resident home ranges (95% FK) across seasons for adult males, adult female and juvenile males were 11.4 ± 4.3 km², 5.6 ± 0.36?km² and 2.15 ± 0.45?km², respectively. The mean transient home ranges (95% FK) of all the seasons for adult and juvenile males were 1 181.93 ± 575.81 km² and 104.27 ± 35.64?km², respectively. Adult jackal preferred croplands in spring, summer and autumn but avoided croplands in winter. Variable habitat use and large home ranges in our study confirmed the species’ ability to adapt to agricultural areas.     

散养模式下白羽肉鸭屠宰性能与体尺指标相关性研究

本研究对30只94日龄中畜小型白羽肉鸭(CMD)在大群地面散养方式下的屠宰性能和体尺指标进行了测定,并对测定结果进行了相关分析,结果发现活重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胫围、半潜水长等体尺指标的相关系数分别达到0.588、0.660、0.618、0.654、0.582,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);全净膛重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长等体尺指标的相关系数分别达到0.476、0.566、0.552、0.455,均达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01)。此外,研究分别建立了活重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胫围、半潜水长以及全净膛重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长的回归模型,两个回归模型经F检验均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。     

Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species, and, in particular, in insects. The present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and dispersal. The effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in temperature. They can differ between seasons and bioclimatic regions. Earlier flight periods, enhanced winter survival and acceleration of development rates are the major insect responses. Differential response of insects and hosts to warming up might also lead to disruption of their phenological synchrony, but adaptive genetic processes are likely to quickly restore this synchrony. In a number of cases, warming results in removing or relocating the barriers that limit present species' ranges. It is also likely to facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive alien species. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified and future research interests are suggested.     

泰和乌鸡肉营养成分特征分析

泰和乌鸡因其药食同源而闻名天下,为探讨泰和乌鸡营养成分在性别之间和与其他鸡种间的差别与优势,测试分析了乌鸡的公鸡-阉鸡-母鸡之间、林下散养-笼养之间和散养乌鸡-散养小黄鸡之间鸡肉中营养成分的区别,结果表明:林下散养乌鸡具有高氨基酸、适中蛋白质和低脂肪特征,乌鸡肉中富含硒和锌、铁、锰等微量元素,不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸;呈味氨基酸含量公鸡高于母鸡,乌鸡高于小黄鸡。