投喂率对凡纳对虾中间培育生长、生理和水环境的影响

中间培育是凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖的重要阶段,投喂率是影响此阶段养殖成效的重要参数。本研究开展为期30 d的养殖实验,研究3组投喂率(投喂率分别为体重的5%、7.5%、10%,分别命名为T5、T7.5和T10)对凡纳对虾中间培育养殖水质、微生物群落结构、非特异性免疫指标及生长性能的影响。实验期间,水体pH、盐度、温度及溶解氧均保持在适宜对虾生长的范围内。结果显示,随着实验进行,总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝态氮(NO2–-N)和化学需氧量(COD)浓度出现上升趋势,实验结束时,其浓度随投喂率升高呈现显著差异：T10>T7.5>T5。微生物群落结构分析表明,养殖水体的微生物群落丰富度和多样性随投喂率升高呈下降趋势,不同投喂率的优势门类均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 50.36%~67.53%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 12.09%~67.53%);在属水平上,对凡纳对虾有害的弧菌(Vibrio)相对丰度在T10组最高(37.33%)、T5组最低(0.13%);对其有益的假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)相对丰度在T10组最低(0.28%)、T7.5组最高(9.78%)。凡纳对虾肝胰腺的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性在T10组最低、T7.5组最高(P<0.05)。T7.5和T10组对虾的体长和体重均显著大于T5组(P<0.05),但T7.5和T10组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),投喂率与存活率呈负相关,且3组间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。利用因子分析对非特异性免疫指标和生长指标进行综合评价,结果表明,T7.5组得分最高,为0.92,凡纳对虾中间培育的投喂率在7.5%左右为宜。     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

不同游泳运动对菊黄东方鲀非特异性免疫的影响

通过水槽实验法,观察了菊黄东方鲀的游泳行为,测量了其爆发游速及临界游速,同时观察了鱼体过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶等的活性变化,分析了游泳对菊黄东方鲀免疫力影响,为菊黄东方鲀的健康养殖及科学的增殖放流提供参考。结果表明:体长在（18.1-19.8）cm的菊黄东方鲀的临界游速在45-62cm/s,体长在（18.8-20.6）cm的菊黄东方鲀的爆发游速为（58.5-78.2）cm/s;与对照组相比,爆发游速实验组菊黄东方鲀肝脏过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性均高于对照实验组菊黄东方鲀（P?0.05）;临界游速实验组菊黄东方鲀溶菌酶高于对照组（P?0.05）,血液中的超氧化物歧化酶和肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性没有显著变化(P>0.05)。研究表明,急性应激反应对超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、溶菌酶的活性影响较大。     

武定鸡红细胞免疫功能研究及其意义

应用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环（Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和免疫复合物花环（ＩＣＲ）试验,证实武定鸡红细胞表面存在补体Ｃ３ｂ受体（Ｃ３ｂｒｃｃｃｐｔｏｒ,Ｃ３ｂＲ）,表明红细胞免疫系统（Ｒｃｄｃｃｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＣＩＳ）的概念亦适用于这种动物。武定鸡的ＲＣＩＳ有其独特之处,文中对武定鸡红细胞Ｃ３ｂＲＲ和ＩＣＲ分别代表红细胞表面Ｃ３ｂ“空位”和“占位”状态的含义做出了新的解释。     

蜂胶对小鼠T细胞亚群及主要相关细胞因子分泌的影响

为阐明蜂胶对小鼠特异性细胞免疫应答的影响特点,选择1、2、4 mg/ 3个剂量分别经腹腔注射给6周龄Balb/c小鼠,在0、7、10、15 d采血样,采用流式细胞术、ELISA分别测定小鼠外周血CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞数量、血清中IFN-γ、IL-4含量.结果显示,与注射蜂胶前相比,各不同剂量的蜂胶均能够使CD4...     

菊苣酸对围产期放牧牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究菊苣酸对放牧牦牛围产期生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选择体况良好、体重接近(195～205kg)的围产期牦牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8头,对照组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草,试验组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草+0.15kg/d菊苣酸。试验期60d(从产前30d到产后30d),于产前第15天、产前第7天、分娩当天、产后第7天、产后第15天采集血液,进行相应指标的测定。结果显示:在产后第15天,试验组牦牛血清尿素氮(BUN)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天和产后第7天,试验组牦牛血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天,试验组牦牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加菊苣酸能有效缓解围产期放牧牦牛氧化应激状态,提高其抗氧化能力。     

Influence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Imuthiol) on lymphocyte function and growth in weanling pigs

Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and growth performance were evaluated in 3-week-old pigs treated with imuthiol. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to Con A and PWM were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs treated with imuthiol at 25 mg/kg; PHA proliferative responses were not influenced by imuthiol treatment. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg lowered IL-2 production when compared to saline-treated controls. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PHA were higher in 25 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs; however, 2.5 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs had lower DHT reactions. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake. These data suggest that in vivo imuthiol treatment in pigs lowers lymphocyte proliferative responses, IL-2 production, and growth performance.     

Fat globule membrane of sow milk as a target for adhesion of K88-positive Escherichia coli

Membrane adhesion of K88-positive Escherichia coli was studied on intestinal brush-border membranes on 237 Finnish Landrace pigs. Forty-one per cent of the brush-border membrane preparations aggregated E. coli (positive adhesion). Similar dualism of adherence/nonadherence was observed on sow milk fat globule membranes. Washed milk fat globules (washed cream) can be used as a convenient source of material for adhesion studies. Bacterial adherence on to milk fat globules is evident as agglutination of the globules (dark-field microscopy). By this procedure the sows can be typed according to their receptor phenotype. This simple principle of fat globule agglutination due to receptors for K88-positive E. coli might be complicated by SigA-mediated bacterial adherence. Fat globule membranes were shown to contain SigA, which may act as a mediator of bacterial adherence onto fat globules. The significance of this adhesive property of milk fat globule might be to provide alternative receptors for E. coli thus preventing bacterial adhesion on to gastro-intestinal epithelium of the offspring. Sow milk fat globules can be used for typing E. coli for membrane adhesiveness. The adhesiveness of the strains showed a good correlation with the presence of the K88 antigen, as well as the hydrophobicity of the bacterial strain as determined by an association on Phenyl-Sepharose beads.     

杜仲叶影响绵羊血清代谢组学的研究

为探索杜仲叶（Eucommia ulmoides leaves,EUL）对绵羊营养代谢和生理功能的影响,本研究选取25~30 kg、70~80日龄的湖羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为对照组（无杜仲叶日粮组,CTL）、低剂量添加组（10%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL1）、高剂量添加组（20%杜仲叶日粮组,EUL2）。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束时,通过静脉采血,离心后分别取血浆和血清,血浆用于生化分析,血清用于代谢组学分析。结果显示,饲喂杜仲叶后,EUL1和EUL2组绵羊血浆中葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均升高,EUL2组与CTL组差异显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）,EUL1组与CTL组差异不显著（P>0.05）;EUL1和EUL2组尿素较CTL组极显著降低（P<0.01）,总胆固醇水平显著降低（P<0.05）,EUL1和EUL2组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清样品采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）进行检测,在正模式下得到593个代谢物,在负模式下得到1 570个代谢物。通过主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）发现,各试验组间的差异代谢物较多,能将其得分图明显区分。进一步对变量重要性因子大于1.0（VIP>1.0）的代谢物进行t检验后发现,各组之间有24种特征代谢物差异显著（P<0.05）。这些差异代谢物涉及体内葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸等的代谢,有的代谢物还与动物的免疫机能相关。杜仲叶饲料对绵羊的营养代谢、生理状态和免疫状况可产生明显的影响,代谢组学可有针对性地分析代谢物发生的步骤及生理作用,为阐明杜仲叶影响营养代谢的机制提供参考。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因核酸疫苗免疫小鼠体液免疫功能变化的研究

本实验对TGEV S基因核酸疫苗免疫后体液免疫功能变化进行了研究,同时比较了两种核酸疫苗单独免疫小鼠后体液免疫应答的变化,证明重组核酸疫苗诱导小鼠产生体液免疫应答。