盐度胁迫及昼夜变化对鲻鱼幼鱼消化酶活力的影响

研究了S0（盐度为0）、S10、S20、S33（对照）和S40 5个盐度梯度14d内盐度胁迫及其昼夜变化对鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）幼鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶比活力的影响。结果显示：1）盐度胁迫对鲻鱼幼鱼的消化酶活力有显著影响（P〈0．05）。不同盐度的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的变化规律都是在第0天～第7天升高,第7天～第14天降低,最终时（第14天）S0～S33蛋白酶活力呈上升趋势,S33～S40下降;S0～S20淀粉酶活力差异不显著（P〉0．05）,S20～S33呈上升,S33～S40下降,且差异显著（P〈0．05）;2）对鲻鱼幼鱼消化酶活性昼夜变化的测定表明,蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的最高值分别在12：00和15：00,最低值均出现在6：00。因此,夜间设置定时投喂,可促进鱼类快速健康生长。     

Differential HSP90α expression in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary during summer

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), plays an important role in protein folding, degradation of denatured proteins and steroid activation. It is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and survival when induced in response to environmental, physical and chemical stresses. In the present investigation the effect of environmental stress on HSP90α expression was examined in grey mullet Mugil cephalus living in either a contaminated (Ennore) or uncontaminated (Kovalam) estuary over two seasons: Hepatocytes were isolated from grey mullet of both estuaries. Oxidative stress was determined along with HSP90α in these fish. Additionally, immunohistochemical changes were studied to confirm the HSP90α expression. Comparison of the results revealed enhanced hepatocyte oxidative stress and HSP90α expressions in fish from Ennore to a significant extent than fish from Kovalam. Also, the results showed significant seasonal variations with maximum expression observed during summer compared to the monsoon season. Overexpression of HSP90α in hepatocytes exposed to chronic environmental stress by pollutants may confer differential effects on cell survival by protecting against oxidative stress induced changes. The results also indicate that seasonal variations have significant effect on the HSP90α expression.     

水泥池养殖缺帘鱼性腺发育研究

[目的]为缺帘鱼人工繁殖提供试验依据。[方法]通过组织切片技术,研究水泥池养殖缺帘鱼的生物学特征和性腺发育情况。[结果]结果表明：3龄缺帘鱼卵巢发育到I期,精巢为Ⅱ期;4龄缺帘鱼雄鱼可以发育至性成熟;4-5龄可以进行人工催产。缺帘鱼精巢为叶型壶腹型结构。[结论]雌雄鱼性腺发育存在不同步现象,需进一步研究并调节其生长生态环境。     

鲻配合饲料适宜蛋白含量及蛋白能量比的初步研究

配制粗蛋白含量分别为２４％,２８％和３２％的三种试验饲料投喂鲻共８周,结果表明蛋白含量为２８％的饲料组的平均增重（克／尾）和特定生长率（％ｄ）均为最大值,饲料蛋白质含量对鲻肌肉成份没有影响,配制四种蛋白能量比（Ｐ：Ｅ）分别为８６．２,９０．３,９４．９和１００．０ｍｇ／ｋＣａｌ的饲料投喂鲻,养殖时间为６周,平均增重分别为３２．５,３４．２,３１．３和２３．８特定生长率分别为０．７０,０．７９,０．     

Biochemical responses of matrinxãBrycon cephalus (Günther, 1869) after sustained swimming

Juvenile matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, were submitted to sustained swimming for 72 days at 1.0 body length s^?1. Exercised fish (EF) grew more than non‐EF and their feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved; haematological responses demonstrated a decrease in haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin contents and increase in the mean cell volume. In the plasma, sodium, ammonia and amino acid concentrations increased; plasma triglycerides decreased while free fatty acids increased. Liver glucose, free amino acids, ammonia, the rate protein per fish weight and total lipid content increased, while the glycogen per fish ratio declined. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased while pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased. White muscle glucose, lactate, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and total lipid content exhibited a decrease in their values; ammonia, free amino acids and the protein per fish‐weight ratio increased. GDH and PK decreased their activities. In the red muscle glycogen store, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and glucose were reduced. Juvenile matrinxãs, under sustained swimming, were physiologically and biochemically adapted to exercise as indicated by improved blood flow, transport and oxygen uptake, FCR, amino acid and protein incorporation and growth. Continuous exercise is a good practice for B. cephalus cultivation.     

淡水养殖梭鱼的人工繁殖机理

1982～1986年;作者采用外源药理学方法,使淡水养殖梭鱼(S‰0.297-0.569)克服了“淡水不育症”,雌鱼性腺成熟率85％以上,完全取代了“海水过渡”。在人工催产中又克服了排卵机制的障碍及胚胎对环境的不适应,并对梭鱼亲鱼血清激素含量进行放射免疫(RIA)测定及电子显微镜对梭鱼脑垂体亚显微结构进行观察。提出梭鱼存在血脑屏障。     

梭鱼和鲻鱼线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的比较分析

运用PCR技术,扩增了梭鱼和鲻鱼线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段,并比较分析了其种间的序列差异。获得16S rRNA基因的540～560 bp碱基序列,出现26个碱基的插入与缺失位点;获得COⅠ基因的602～604 bp碱基序列,出现2个插入缺失位点;16S rRNA和COⅠ基因的序列中G平均含量最低,且（A＋T）含量高于（G＋C）含量,与其他鱼类中的16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段研究结果相一致。在16S rRNA基因片段中,梭鱼出现1种单倍型,鲻鱼为2种单倍型;在COⅠ基因片段中,梭鱼样品中检测到3个单倍型,鲻鱼样品中检测到5个单倍型。以Takifugu poecilonotus为外群,构建的NJ系统发育树,基于16S rRNA和COⅠ基因序列获得的NJ系统树基本一致,鲻鱼和梭鱼种内个体分别聚为一支,显示16S rRNA和COⅠ基因适合于梭鱼和鲻鱼的物种鉴定。     

Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions

Research into artificial reproduction of chub was studied during three subsequent reproductive seasons. Chub reproduction was conducted in two different variations. In the first experiment different hormonal agents were given to fish, such as CPE, hCG, or an analogue of GnRH with dopamine antagonist (ovopel). In the second one, the optimum moment of applying of artificial reproduction was sought and the fish were only obtained an analogue of GnRH in different periods. The results obtained in two first seasons indicated that ovopel is the most effective agent for the artificial reproduction of chub. Consequently, it was decided that the fish would obtain only this agent in the final year of research. In last year (experiment II), chub spawners were taken to the hatchery under controlled conditions every few weeks from February to the beginning of June. Periodically, the maturity of oocytes was checked. As soon as the oocytes had achieved stage 2–3 of maturity, fish were obtained ovopel. It was noted that there was no problem with collecting semen. Obtaining oocytes was much more difficult. Most frequently, they were not obtained at all or obtained in very small amounts. It was also observed that the administration of hormones caused a very quick maturation of gonads and their over-maturation.     

鲻鱼胃肠道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位

用7种哺乳类胃肠激素抗体对鲻鱼消化道内分泌细胞进行免疫组织化学定位。结果表明5-HT、SST、VIP、GAS和P物质免疫活性内分泌细胞均存在于鲻鱼胃肠粘膜中，而胰高血糖素和胰岛则显免疫阴性反应。文中还描述了鲻鱼胃肠道免疫活性内分泌细胞的形态学特点及在胃肠各部的分布密度，并对其可能的分泌方式和功能进行了讨论。