牦牛血清氟含量测定

采用氟离子选择电极对３７头青海牦牛血清氟含量进行测定，结果为０．０１５±０．００７（０．００５－０．０２６）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。同时还对该方法的准确度、精密度做了检测。     

用钙电极测定牧草中钙含量的方法研究

用钙电极测定禾本科牧草中钙含量的方法，回收率１００．０２％－９７．３８％，用高酸钾法的ＥＤＴＡ法与钙电极法作比较试验，结果非常满意。     

A surgical approach to the lateral compartment of the equine guttural pouch in the standing horse: modification of the forgotten "Garm technique"

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and complications following lavage and drainage of the lateral compartment (LC) of the equine guttural pouch (GP) using a modified Garm's technique (MGT). In an ex vivo study (study 1), six cadaver heads were examined to assess the anatomical limits of the surgical approach and whether vital structures might be damaged. This was followed by an in vivo study (study 2) in which a lavage/drainage tube was placed for 3 days into each LC of four standing horses using the MGT. In both studies, the procedure offered direct access into the LC and indirect access into the medial compartments of the GP. In study 1, the MGT provided a rostroventral point of access allowing drainage of the LC, with no obvious iatrogenic damage. In study 2, the MGT permitted lavage of the entire GP in three healthy horses and one horse with mild GP empyema. The only major complication was development of emphysema of the lateral wall of one LC, with secondary collapse of the mucous membrane. The time for secondary wound healing was 12-14 days. The MGT can be performed safely in standing horses and may be of value in providing access for lavage and drainage in horses with mild GP empyema.     

改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素B_1和玉米赤霉烯酮的吸附研究

本试验旨在探究4种不同改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉B1(AFB1)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的体外吸附性能。采用体外吸附试验,在霉菌毒素污染的喷浆玉米皮中添加4种改性蒙脱石,检测AFB1和ZEN的浓度变化,以探究不同种类及不同添加比例改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN的吸附作用。结果表明:4种改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN均有显著吸附作用,其中膨润土经十八烷基三甲基氯化铵改性制备的复合改性蒙脱石II型对AFB1和ZEN的吸附效果最好,在添加量为1%时,对AFB1和ZEN的吸附率分别为62.60%和43.38%。在本体外试验条件下,4种改性蒙脱石对喷浆玉米皮中AFB1和ZEN均具有吸附作用,可以降低喷浆玉米皮中的霉菌毒素含量,为改性蒙脱石在饲料脱毒剂的使用提供参考。     

黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器的研制及其对鱼鲜度的检测

将黄嘌呤氧化酶以共价连接法固定于二醋酸纤维素薄膜上，制成的酶膜与极谱式氧电极共同组成对次黄嘌呤进行定量测定的黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器。该传感器测定范围为１０～１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，响应时间１０ｓ，不同浓度次黄嘌呤标准溶液对传感器１０ｓ响应值的相关系数为γ＝－０．９９６６，次黄嘌呤标准溶液重复测定６０次（１０ｓ响应值）的变异系数为ＣＶ＝０．３０３％。应用该传感器与分光光度法对鱼体次黄嘌呤含量进行了测定比较，二者具有良好的相关性。     

加味当归四逆壳聚糖喷膜剂的研制

研制加味当归四逆壳聚糖喷膜剂,并且制定生产工艺和质量标准。试验采用水煎法提取处方药材;通过正交试验确定壳聚糖盐酸盐、PVPK-30以及乙醇成膜材料的最佳配比;按照药典相关规定,采用紫外分光光度法测定每瓶总黄酮的含量。成膜材料的最佳配比为壳聚糖盐酸盐1%,3%PVPK-30和40%乙醇。通过TLC鉴定样品含有阿魏酸和芍药苷成分。质量标准中性状为澄清有清凉气味的红棕色液体,总黄酮的含量1.83 mg/mL。以处方为219 mg/mL中药复方,1%的壳聚糖盐酸盐,3%的PVPK-30以及40%的乙醇制备出加味当归四逆壳聚糖喷膜剂,且制定质量标准中样品含有阿魏酸和芍药苷并且每瓶总黄酮含量满足1.83 mg/mL。     

Flash electroretinography in standing horses using the DTL microfiber electrode

Purpose The goal of our study was the evaluation of a practical method for the recording of flash electroretinograms (ERGs) in sedated, standing horses with the DTL? microfiber electrode. Methods The horses were sedated intravenously with detomidine hydrochloride (0.015 mg/kg). The pupil was dilated and the auriculopalpebral nerve was blocked. The ERGs were recorded with the active electrode on the cornea (DTL?), the reference electrode near the lateral canthus, and the ground electrode over the occipital bone. The light intensities of the white strobe light were 0.03 cd·s/m² (scotopic) and 3 cd·s/m² (scotopic and photopic). Photopic and scotopic single flash and flicker responses to Ganzfeld stimulation were recorded. During the 20‐min dark adaptation period the retina was stimulated every 5 min with the 0.03 cd·s/m² single flash. Results The median b‐wave amplitudes and implicit times were 38 µV and 33 ms (photopic cone‐dominated response), 43 µV and 63 ms (5‐min dark adaptation), 72 µV and 89 ms (10 min), 147 µV and 103 ms (15 min), 188 µV and 109 ms (20 min, 0.03 cd·s/m², rod response), and 186 µV and 77 ms (20 min, 3 cd·s/m², maximal combined rod‐cone response). A steady increase in amplitude and implicit time was noted during dark adaptation. No oscillatory potentials could be isolated. Conclusions The use of detomidine hydrochloride sedation and the DTL? microfiber electrode allowed the recording of good quality ERGs. This protocol should permit the detection of functional problems in the retina without the risk involved with general anesthesia.     

New gene-based approaches for an AIDS vaccine

Vaccine approaches against AIDS have focused on inducing cellular immune responses, since many studies revealed the role of T cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. The experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SIV or chimeric SHIV is routinely used as a model for AIDS. In such models, DNA immunization is a tool to elicit specific T cell responses and to study their protective efficacy. DNA immunogenicity in primates depends on parameters such as level of antigen expression, choice of the antigen among SIV proteins, use of fusion proteins, route of immunization, and addition of adjuvants. Recent results suggest that priming with DNA and boosting with attenuated recombinant viral vectors, each expressing corresponding SIV antigens, leads to improved specific immunity and, in some cases, affords protection against pathogenic challenge. After preclinical evaluations, DNA has entered clinical trials for a therapeutic or prophylactic gene-based AIDS vaccine.     

皂化改性菠萝皮生物吸附剂对TVOC的吸附?

对农林废弃物菠萝皮进行化学改性处理,以去除大气中的TVOC有害气体,减轻大气污染的同时实现废弃物的多次循坏再利用,为吸附剂的研究与空气净化提供借鉴。利用二次正交旋转回归以及单因素实验对皂化改性菠萝皮吸附剂的制备工艺以及吸附条件优化;对渣粒径、温度和加入量进行单因素分析;利用吸附等温、动力模型拟合试验探究机理;通过BET、SEM及FTIR对样品进行表征;采用横向对比试验与其他材料对比吸附效果并探讨吸附剂的重复利用能力。结果表明：无水乙醇与氢氧化钠体积比为1:2.8,浸泡时间为6 h,离心时间为13 min,预测值Ymax=8.2759%;渣粒径60目、温度22℃、加入量3g为最佳单因素条件;吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温模型(R2=0.9926),吸附状态为多分子层多位点吸附;遵循二级动力学模型(R2=0.9757),即以化学吸附为主的物理化学双重吸附过程;比表面积显著增大、孔隙率升高,表面褶皱增多,且酰胺N-H基团、-OH等有效基团参与吸附;横向对比试验证明吸附效果在1%水平上显著优于其他四种吸附材料,即改性菠萝皮>硅藻土>活性炭>竹炭>树脂,且至少可重复利用7次以上。     

基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性评价方法评述

首先分析了基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性评价方法,然后探讨了该模型的局限性和缺陷,并评述了改进模型的应用效果,最后对基于DRASTIC模型评价方法的应用前景进行了分析,提出了关于选用和应用该模型需要重点关注的问题和评价成果需实现成果价值最大化。