鲁西南地区果树需冷量的研究

2000～2001年,采用Utah加权模型,先后对鲁西南地区常见的葡萄、桃和油桃、杏品种的需冷量进行了研究。结果表明:不同树种、品种的需冷量差异显著。葡萄的需冷量最高,为1010～1840c.u。桃和油桃最低,花芽为620～910c.u,叶芽为500～890c.u。杏介于二者之间,花芽和叶芽均为790～910c.u。各树种、品种的需冷量年际间均有差异。葡葡、杏不同品种需冷量的高低与本品种果实成熟期早晚的关系表现为成熟期早,需冷量低;成熟期晚,需冷量高。但桃树不同品种的需冷量高低与本品种的果实成熟期无明显相关关系,果实成熟期早,但需冷量较高的情况普遍存在。同一品种其花芽、叶芽的需冷量不一,基本趋势是花芽的需冷量高于叶芽。     

Questionnaire-based study on consumer requirements for beef quality in Japan

A questionnaire study examining Japanese consumers’ requirements for beef quality was carried out in April 2002 in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Answers from 532 participants were used for the statistical analysis. Twenty questions about sensory properties, appearance, safety and freshness, production area, price, and other properties were prepared. The answers were applied to principal component analysis. Five principal components were obtained and defined, and the principle component scores were used to classify participants. The panels were classified into four groups profiled as ‘specific quality orientated’, ‘Wagyu (Japanese beef) orientated’, ‘safety and freshness orientated’ and ‘overall high quality orientated’. In addition, gender and age characteristics were different among the groups. Sensory properties did not affect the classification of respondents.     

宁夏地区春玉米灌溉需水量特征研究

【目的】提高宁夏地区春玉米的灌溉效率,优化农业资源配置。【方法】依据宁夏地区11个站点1960-2019年的气象资料,确定宁夏地区年际及春玉米生育期不同水文年型的有效降雨量;然后,利用ET₀ Calculator软件计算参考作物腾发量,并结合作物系数法计算作物需水量,求得宁夏地区年际及不同水文年型下春玉米各生育期的作物需水量、灌溉需水量、耦合度和水分盈亏指数。【结果】1960-2019年间,宁夏地区年有效降雨量波动较大(158.5~424.2 mm),北部引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区春玉米生育期有效降雨量分别为123.9,205.4和334.4 mm。宁夏全区春玉米生育期需水量为482.0~690.7 mm,其中南部山区和中部干旱带春玉米需水量有降低趋势,而北部引黄灌区有增大趋势。北部引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区春玉米灌溉需水量分别为566.8,413.0和147.6 mm;在枯水年、平水年和丰水年宁夏全区春玉米灌溉需水量分别为448.5,378.9和317.0 mm。南部山区降雨对作物需水量的满足程度最高,耦合度为0.70,是北部引黄灌区的3.89倍。【结论】宁夏南部山区应以集雨技术为基础发展雨养玉米种植;北部引黄灌区和中部干旱带需要大力发展节水灌溉,其中在北部引黄灌区春玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄期和乳熟期需要分别补灌87.2,79.6和275.6 mm,在中部干旱带需要分别补灌65.7,62.4和212.8 mm。     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

Quantification of dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis based on growth,feed conversion efficiency,mineralization and serum alkaline phosphatase activity

Seven isonitrogenous (400 g/kg crude protein) and isocaloric (17.89 kJ/g gross energy) purified diets (casein‐gelatin based) with different concentrations of calcium (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/kg) supplemented with calcium lactate at the levels of 0, 5.4, 10.8, 16.3, 21.8, 27.27 and 32.73 g/kg were prepared and fed for 12 weeks to triplicate groups of Heteropneustes fossilis (7.46 ± 0.03 g) to determine the optimum dietary calcium requirement. Analysed values of calcium in the diets were 2.41, 3.82, 4.56, 5.99, 6.71, 7.40 and 8.19 g/kg, respectively. Absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention efficiency, protein gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed diets with increasing levels of dietary calcium improved up to 5.99 g/kg and then levelled off. Whole‐body protein, moisture and ash contents improved up to 5.99 g/kg dietary calcium and stabilized thereafter. However, whole‐body fat exhibited reverse pattern and decreased with incremental levels of dietary calcium up to 5.99 g/kg. Whole‐body and vertebrae mineralization was also significantly affected (p < .05) by the increasing dietary calcium levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity improved significantly (p < .05) up to 6.71 g/kg, and no change was recorded beyond this level. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not influenced (p > .05) by dietary calcium levels. The Ca–P ratio remained static in the whole body, vertebrae and serum. Broken‐line regression analysis of data obtained on growth, mineralization and serum ALP activity against increasing levels of dietary calcium reflected the optimum calcium requirement between 5.77–6.81 g/kg diet.     

日粮添加蛋氨酸对幼兔生长发育、免疫性能及血液生化指标的影响

选择100只断奶新西兰兔,随机分成5组,在日粮中分别添加不同水平的蛋氨酸（0、0．2％、0．4％、0．6％、0．8％）,研究其对生长性能、氮代谢、免疫性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明：日粮添加蛋氨酸能显著提高日增重和饲料转化率（P〈0．05）,添加蛋氨酸0．4％时,日增重和料重比达最佳水平．分别为30．8g、3．29：1;蛋氨酸水平对氮代谢的影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）;蛋氨酸对胸腺指数的影响差异显著（P〈0．05）,当添加量为0．4％时,胸腺指数达到最大,但是对肝脏指数和脾脏指数无显著影响（P〉0．05）。对免疫球蛋白A、G、M含量也无显著影响（P〉0．05）;蛋氨酸对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和血清尿素氮的含量无显著影响（P〉0．05）．     

蛋氨酸的功能及代谢吸收过程

本文介绍了蛋氨酸的功能,并且详细阐述了蛋氨酸的代谢过程和吸收过程,为合理调控蛋氨酸在动物体内的吸收代谢和在饲料中添加蛋氨酸提供了理论依据。     

三种营养需要模式对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和瘦肉生长的影响

试验选用体重约20.4kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]猪96头 ,分为3个处理 ,每个处理4个重复 ,分别饲喂3种营养需要模式的饲粮 ,生长期猪体重为20～50kg,肥育期为50～92kg,研究3种营养需要模式对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和胴体瘦肉生长的影响。结果表明 ,采用建议的营养需要模式配制的饲粮饲养生长肥育猪 ,获得的生产性能、胴体品质、胴体瘦肉增重和无脂瘦肉增重以及胴体瘦肉成分与采用NRC(1998)营养需要模式配制的饲粮相近 ,而且20～90kg 期间无脂瘦肉增重已达到NRC(1998)认为的具有中-高瘦肉生长速度。采用中国(1987)营养需要模式配制的饲粮饲养生长肥育猪 ,其生产性能、胴体瘦肉增重和无脂瘦肉增重都极显著低于上述两种营养需要模式的饲粮 ,综合胴体品质也较差。从本试验结果看来 ,建议的营养需要模式可满足杜×(大×长)生长肥育猪的需要     

Model of Survivable Architecture

Critical information system in Interact is in face of increasingly security problems. More attention has been focused on the survivability of information system, which is the capability of system to continue its mission even in the presence of damage to the system. The authors first introduce the definition of survivability. According to four function properties of survivability, which are Resistance, Recognition, Recovery, and Adaption, the authors design a model of survivable system structure and then explain survivability requirement, survivability strategy in this model. Additionally, they provide possible technical solutions for the survivability of systems, categorized by different aspects of our survivability strategy.     

Requirement Model Based on UML 2.0 for Equipment MIS

This paper introduces the modeling of Unified Modeling Language with use case diagram and active diagram based on Rational Unified Process for Equipment Managemet Information System. It discusses the modeling mechanism and character of UML and develops the Computer Equipment management Information System Based Web using Rational Rose of UML CASE Tool. First, it is describe the authors how to analyze the structure of organize and build the model of structure organize. Second, they abstract the workflow of main operation in organize and build workflow model by active diagram. Finally, they abstract actor, use case with case diagram and finish the requirement model.