The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.     

Compensatory growth in Atlantic halibut: Effect of starvation and subsequent feeding on growth, maturation, feed utilization and flesh quality

A group of juvenile Atlantic halibut (mean, SD, 199.5 g, 44.7) was split into two experimental groups: one group was fed in excess twice a day and later five days a week (i.e. Control group), and the other group was starved for 5 weeks and then subsequently re-fed for 10 weeks (i.e. 5/10 starvation/re-fed group). This treatment was repeated for three years until the fish were harvested (mean final weight, 4.4 kg). A size +specific compensatory response was seen; partial compensation was observed in halibut weighing less than 500 g whereas full recovery growth was seen in halibut over 2 kg. Food consumption and feed conversion efficiency was measured during two full 5/10 starvation/re-fed cycles. The Control group consumed 86% more food in the measurement period, whereas the FCE 40% higher in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group (FCE = 0.95) compared to the Control group (FCE = 0.68). In males lower gonadosomatic index (2.2 vs. 3.0) and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (0.22 vs. 1.26 ng ml^− 1) levels in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group were observed during late winter and spring of 2006 (age 3 years) indicating higher age at 1st maturity. Starvation had a significant effect for improving the quality as starved fish had higher muscle pH (6.4 vs. 6.2), less gaping (0.1 vs. 0.3) and harder texture (61.4 vs. 57.6 N). Overall, the rearing on a repeated 5/10 starvation/re-fed regime for 3 years led to full growth compensation, higher feed conversion efficiency, lower male maturation and improved flesh quality.     

水产养殖中使用氰化钠毒杀敌害生物对海洋生态环境影响的探讨

在水产养殖中,氰化物被用于毒杀敌害生物,但有关使用氰化物对海洋生态环境影响鲜有报道。本文从氰化钠在海洋环境中的迁移转化,对生物体的毒性效应,对生态系统的影响等方面进行探讨,研究表明:在水产养殖中合理使用氰化钠,对生态环境和人类健康不会造成有害的影响。     

Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

The Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem supports multimillion-dollar commercial and recreational fisheries. The ecological effects caused by fishing gear that is lost when cut or broken after snagging on the bottom is a growing concern to managers and scientists. Few data exist, however, to assess the impacts of lost fishing gear to benthic organisms and habitat structure. In this study, 63 offshore coral reef and hard-bottom sites were surveyed during 2001 to quantify the impacts of lost fishing gear to coral reef sessile invertebrates. Lost hook-and-line fishing gear accounted for 87% of all debris (N=298 incidences) encountered and was responsible for 84% of the 321 documented impacts to sponges and benthic cnidarians, predominantly consisting of tissue abrasion causing partial individual or colony mortality. Branching gorgonians (Octocorallia) were the most frequently affected (56%), followed by milleporid hydrocorals (19%) and sponges (13%). Factors affecting the impacts of lost fishing gear include sessile invertebrate density, the density of lost fishing gear, and gear length. While lost hook-and-line fishing gear is ubiquitous in the Florida Keys, less than 0.2% of the available milleporid hydrocorals, stony corals, and gorgonians in the habitats studied are adversely affected in terms of colony abrasions and partial mortality.     

潍坊海洋渔业的动态分析与发展对策

对潍坊海洋渔业1998～2007年间的发展进行动态分析,并结合SWOT分析提出今后发展海洋渔业的对策。潍坊海洋渔业若干指标呈增长趋势,平均增长速度较快,在全省的比例逐年小幅提高;今后发展海洋渔业的对策应包括实行统一规划、促进海洋渔业高层次发展、加强区域合作与协调。     

试论和谐海事文化的建设

和谐文化是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要任务。海事管理的发展也将是迈入文化建设的必然趋势。作为交通行政执法机关的海事管理机构来说,构建和谐、健康、先进的海事文化,将促进水上安全监督管理水平的提高,促进服务经济社会发展的水平和能力的提高,促进海事事业的蓬勃发展。     

辽宁海洋牧场建设的金融投入研究

辽宁省海洋资源丰富,渔业产业基础雄厚,具有发展海洋牧场的巨大潜力。辽宁海洋牧场的技术密集型和资金密集型特征,需要构建有力、有效的金融服务体系。为此,需要发挥政策金融的引领作用,突出商业金融的中坚作用,注重合作金融的普惠作用,形成整体合力。     

杀松材线虫海洋细菌HT-11的鉴定及培养条件研究

[目的]从海洋中分离并筛选具有杀松材线虫活性的细菌。[方法]采用稀释涂布平板法对采自青岛近海海域的样品进行细菌分离,采用浸渍法测定菌株的杀线虫活性,并对筛选菌株的形态学、生理生化特性和16S r DNA序列进行测定,通过单因素试验筛选产生杀线虫活性物质的最适培养条件。[结果]共分离到36株海洋细菌,根据杀线虫活性筛选出1株具有高杀线虫活性的细菌HT-11。该菌株分离自牡蛎,其培养滤液处理松材线虫24 h的校正死亡率高达92.41%。根据形态学、生理生化特性和16S r DNA序列测定及其系统发育分析结果,将菌株HT-11鉴定为考克氏菌属(Kocuria)。单因素试验结果表明,该菌株在营养肉汤(NB)培养基中产生杀线虫活性物质的最适培养条件为:海水浓度100%,初始p H 7.0,培养温度25℃,培养时间3 d。[结论]该研究可为海洋微生物资源的开发及其杀松材线虫天然活性物质的利用提供理论依据。     

紫海胆肠道真菌Aspergillus sp.HDf2产nonadride类次生代谢产物

[目的]对从紫海胆肠道分离得到的曲霉菌(Aspergillus sp.)菌株HDf2进行次生代谢产物研究.[方法]采用液体发酵,运用柱层析方法从培养液中分离、纯化单体化合物.[结果]从乙酸乙酯提取物较高极性段分离得到1个单体化合物,通过波谱解析和与文献对照将其鉴定为nonadride类化合物glauconic acid.[结论]该研究首次报道了海洋来源的真菌产天然界稀有的nonadride类天然化合物glauconic acido.     

河北省海洋生物资源开发现状及可持续利用对策

介绍了位于环渤海经济圈中心地带的河北省海岸带和海洋经济概况,分析了河北省海洋生物资源的开发利用现状,并从政府管理、生态环境修复、加大海洋科技与教育投入、海洋生物资源摸底调查、海洋渔业产业结构的调整和海洋药用生物资源的开发等六个方面提出了保护和合理利用河北省海洋生物资源的对策,可为海洋生物资源的可持续利用提供参考依据。