论生物多样性与建设海南国际旅游岛的关系

经过多年的研究和实践,人们已深刻地认识到,海南省的发展战略应该积极发展服务型、开放型和生态型经济,形成以旅游业为龙头、以现代服务业为主导的特色经济结构。显然要实现这个宏伟的目标,生物多样性的保护和持续利用就是最根本和最关键的问题。如果作为生态旅游基本资源的季节性雨林、红树林、海洋生物资源和农业生物多样性被毁,一切都将是一纸空文。本文就拟简略地探讨一下有关这些方面的问题,并提出一些建议供有关方面参考。     

大亚湾红树林群落结构及初级生产力数量参数研究

通过样地和样带的调查方法,在对大亚湾沿岸的深圳市宝安县、惠州市惠阳县、惠东县的８个镇的普查基础上,以惠阳县澳头镇虾冲境内黄鱼涌白寿湾红树林为典型区域,在典型选定的三块样带中选伐标准木作树干解析,测定年龄和各年的树高、胸径连年生长量和平均生长量,并对其群落的结构及其数量特征和各组成植物物种的生长量、消耗量、蓄积量及初级生产力等定量参数进行了研究,为研究红树林这一潮间带中的特殊植物群落及海陆界面系统的生态边缘优、劣势打下重要的数量生态经济学的基础。     

Mangrove community recovery potential after catastrophic disturbances in Bangladesh

The objective of this study was to compare the variation in the soil seed banks and the aboveground vegetation in relation to three habitats, i.e., swamp forests, grassland and sand dunes within the Sundarbans mangrove forests of Bangladesh. We collected vegetation data (species and their percentage cover) by using quadrat sampling: 10 m × 10 m for swamp forests and 5 m × 5 m for grassland and sand dunes. We estimated the density of viable seeds of species in the seed bank by counting germinants from soil cores in a germination chamber. Species richness and composition of both aboveground vegetation and the soil seed banks differed significantly among habitats. We identified a total of 23 species from the soil seed bank. Of these, two were true mangrove species and the remaining were non-mangrove species, including halophytic grasses, herbs and mangrove associate species. Our results confirm that mangrove species do not possess a persistent soil seed bank. The presence of high-density non-mangrove and associated mangrove species in the soil seed bank implies that after frequent catastrophic disturbances which limit incoming propagules from adjacent forest stand, large canopy gaps can easily become invaded by non-mangrove and mangrove associate species. This would result in the formation of a cover of non-mangrove species and cryptic ecological degradation in mangrove habitats. We suggest that forest managers should actively consider gap plantations with mangrove species in the large canopy gaps created after catastrophic disturbances to counteract the invasion of non-mangrove species and cryptic ecological degradation.     

广东沿海红树林的保护与发展

文章阐述了广东省沿海城市红树林资源的重要性、保护和管理历程及发展现状,提出红树林保护和可持续发展的建议。       

Mangrove Habitat Formation and Response to Holocene Sea-level Changes on Kosrae Island,Micronesia

Mangrove habitats on Kosrae are divided into three types, i.e., an estuary or delta type, a backmarsh or lagoon type and a coral reef or tidal-flat type. Most of the mangrove forests of Kosrae have been developed during the last 2000 years by accumulating mangrove peat with the gradual sea-level rise of 1 to 2 mm/yr except the landward part of the estuary or delta type. On the other hand, during the period of rapid sea-level rise of about 10 mm/yr between 4100 and 3700 yr B.P., the mangrove forests ceased peat accumulation and retreated landward. Until 3500 yr B.P., mangrove forests were distributed only in narrow bands in the inlets. Therefore, the critical rate of mangrove peat accretion with sea-level rise is estimated at more than 2 mm/yr and less than 10 mm/yr. If the anticipated sea-level rise exceeds this critical rate, all of the mangrove forests of Kosrae will retreat landward and reduce rapidly.     

雷州半岛红树林盐土的某些理化性质

红树林盐土是红树植被下的一类特殊土壤。雷州半岛红树林盐土各土层pH值为3.08 ~ 5.98,绝大多数低于4。土壤有机质平均含量为24.1 g/㎏,在土壤剖面中有机质含量分布没有规律性。土壤阳离子代换量为3.83 ~14.53 cmol/kg,平均6.94 cmo1/kg。土壤水溶性盐分7.6 ~ 42.1g/㎏,平均18.4 g/㎏,水溶性盐分有向下淋溶的趋势。土壤中<0.01 mm粒级含量一般>200 g/kg,土壤质地大多为中壤土类至中粘土类。     

我国红树林研究人员统计与分析

以1989～2005年《中国期刊全文数据库》、《中文科技期刊数据库》收录的红树林研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的方法,对我国红树林研究人员的地区分布、人员数量及文献量的年际变化、核心作者群、核心机构、核心期刊等方面进行统计与分析。     

清澜省级自然保护区红树林资源调查分析

通过样点实地调查,调查到海南清澜省级自然保护区具有真红树植物11科24种,半红树植物15科20种;根据组成种类,群落特征和立地条件,把红树林植物群落划分为12个红树林群系和4个半红树林群系。     

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves in a semiarid coastal lagoon

 The phosphate-solubilizing potential of the rhizosphere microbial community in mangroves was demonstrated when culture media supplemented with insoluble, tribasic calcium phosphate, and incubated with roots of black (Avicennia germinans L.) and white [Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.] mangrove became transparent after a few days of incubation. Thirteen phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of both species of mangroves: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Paenibacillus macerans, Vibrio proteolyticus, Xanthobacter agilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter taylorae, Enterobacter asburiae, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Chryseomonas luteola. One bacterial isolate could not be identified. The rhizosphere of black mangroves also yielded the fungus Aspergillus niger. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of the isolates was first qualitatively evaluated by the formation of halos (clear zones) around the colonies growing on solid medium containing tribasic calcium phosphate as a sole phosphorus source. Spectrophotometric quantification of phosphate solubilization showed that all bacterial species and A. niger solubilized insoluble phosphate well in a liquid medium, and that V. proteolyticus was the most active solubilizing species among the bacteria. Gas chromatographic analyses of cell-free spent culture medium from the various bacteria demonstrated the presence of 11 identified, and several unidentified, volatile and nonvolatile organic acids. Those most commonly produced by different species were lactic, succinic, isovaleric, isobutyric, and acetic acids. Most of the bacterial species produced more than one organic acid whereas A. niger produced only succinic acid. We propose the production of organic acids by these mangrove rhizosphere microorganisms as a possible mechanism involved in the solubilization of insoluble calcium phosphate. Received: 21 April 1999     

5种红树植物光合产量模型研究

以木榄、白骨壤、桐花树、秋茄和海漆为试材,以光合作用对环境因子的响应为主线,建立了叶片水平上的光合产量模型。就光合作用对环境因子(太阳辐射、温度及CO2浓度等)变化的响应特征及合理性进行了分析,使用整个生长季实测的叶片生理数据对所建模型进行了验证,结果表明,模型可以较好的模拟实测红树植物的光合速率,并确定了5种红树植物单叶片光合作用与环境因子之间的数量关系。