Nutrient digestibility of angling baits for carp, Cyprinus carpio, with implications for groundbait formulation and eutrophication control

Abstract  To evaluate the suitability of angling groundbaits as a fish feed and the potential for nutrient loss, the macronutrient digestibility of four groundbaits was investigated in carp, Cyprinus carpio L., using a sieving method of faeces collection and chromic oxide. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein and lipids were >80% for all angling baits. ADCs of nitrogen-free extracts and phosphorus (P) differed significantly between the test diets, probably because of divergent feed compositions and ingredient treatments. The generally high digestibility estimates indicated that fish feeding on angling groundbait will benefit from this food source. The differences in nutrient digestibility suggested that type of groundbait and ingredient used will have a major effect on potential eutrophication and fish production caused by groundbaiting. The principle of groundbaits to protect the environment should be to minimise the P-content of the groundaits and maximising P-digestibility and P-retention efficiency.     

保定市工业废水农灌的研究

本文论述了保定市工业废水经农灌土地处理,对土壤、地下水和农作物品质的影响。结果表明:以造纸、食品、轻纺和化工为主的工业废水在重金属常年不超出农灌标准下,宜于在非盐化土壤灌溉;废水中硫化物超标,通过土壤生物区系,能降低毒性;废水中常规有机物,农灌后利大于害;只要在土壤容量允许内,可具有二级污水处理工艺不能完成的效果。     

农用地因素法与样地法分等对比研究——以重庆市丰都县为例

对现行《农用地分等规程》中因素法和样地法进行探讨，寻求农用地分等的最佳方法。文献资料法、比较分析法。《规程》中因素法分等使得研究区单元分值出现拐点，划分等别部分与实际不符；样地法分等结果则不存在这一问题。在农用地分等中，在县域内种植制度为一年两熟和一年一熟的地区采用样地法分等更合理。     

Relationships between catch and effort in Fijian multispecies reef fisheries subject to different levels of exploitation

Abstract The catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and value-of-catch-per-unit-effort (VPUE) of reef-associated fish species from six Fijian native fishing grounds ( qoliqoli ) subject to different fishing intensities were determined using records of fishing activity from a voluntary logbook scheme. Line and spear fishing techniques were used for more than half the total fishing time (h person^-1 d^-1) in all qoliqoli , and yet the favoured technique in a given qoliqoli was frequently less efficient (lower CPUE) than other techniques. The popularity of relatively ineffective fishing methods implies that fishermen did not always attempt to maximize their catch rates. To compare fishing effort in different qoliqoli , all effort was rescaled on the basis of its recorded efficiency (measured as multispecies CPUE) and expressed as hours equivalent to boat-based spear fishing over coral by day to catch fish for sale. Total fishing intensity in the six qoliqoli ranged from 72 to 4310 h km^-2 reef year^-1. The relationship between catch and effort was linear at all fishing intensities, suggesting that the qoliqoli were all fished on a sustainable basis. Furthermore, whilst there was a significant difference in CPUE and VPUE between the one or two qoliqoli with lowest fishing intensity and all the others, there were no significant differences between these other qoliqoli in terms of the VPUE of the saleable multispecies boat catch or the CPUE of species from piscivorous and carnivorous genera ( Epinephelus, Lethrinus and Plectropomus ) which the fishermen prefer to catch.     

新疆盐碱地种植耐盐小麦土壤盐分的变化

新疆干旱区有大量盐碱地 ,很大程度上限制农业的可持续发展。盐碱的利用改良和水资源的高效利用的研究 ,面临巨大的挑战。盐碱地上种植耐盐小麦既有生产效益 ,又有改良土壤盐渍化作用。在传统灌溉管理下 ,当土壤原始盐分 2 .0 %时 ,在壤质土壤上种植耐盐小麦 1— 2年 0— 40cm土层盐分可降到 0 .8%。在粘壤土、壤土土质的土壤中 ,种植耐盐小麦 5年时 ,0— 1 0 0cm土层盐分可降到 0 .5 % ;种植 7年后 ,0— 1 0 0cm土层盐分降到 0 .2 %左右 ,且在以后种植条件下 ,土壤盐分趋于平衡状态 ,变化很小。种植耐盐小麦引起的盐分变化 ,灌溉水为主要作用 ,以至经多年种植 ,土壤表现为脱盐碱化现象。     

帽儿山地区脂松种源试验林生长指标分析

引进优良的外来树种可以丰富本国或本地区林业建设的树种资源,增加木材产量和林产品的种类。通过对引进的美国东部7个脂松种源进行试验,得出更适宜栽植区的种源。在树高方面,较好的4个种源依次为MIDC(Dickenson County,Michigan)、MNCNF(Chippewa National Forest,Minnesota)、MIMC(Manistee County,Michigan)和WIOC(Oneida County,Wisconsin);2004年高生长较好的4个种源依次为WIOC、MIDC、MIMC和MNCNF;2005年高生长较好的4个种源依次为MIDC、MIMC、MNCNF和WIOC;地径较好的4个种源依次为MIDC、WIOC、MIMC、MNCNF。该4个种源间各项生长指标差异不显著;在保存率方面,7个种源间差异不明显。     

基于道路载荷特征的整车试验场耐久性评价方法

为了获得整车试验场各路况对底盘各零部件的对应考核情况,以国内某整车大型试验场为研究对象,通过将采集到的试验场载荷分解,获得试验场各子路况的载荷时间历程。通过分别以底盘零部件各测点为基准和以试验场各路况为基准对比分析各路况对应各测点的损伤,可得到试验场路况考核表。针对考核表中不同路况考核部件的相似性,对比分析其各路况考核各部件的极值、变程、RMS、损伤,根据分析结果优化此前得到的试验场各路况考核表。此方法可为整车试验场耐久性评价提供一定参考。     

2010—2019年江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故分析及对策建议

依据中国渔政指挥系统江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故的统计资料,对2010—2019年事故的发生时间、事故起数、死亡人数、事故类型和事故等级等方面进行了统计分析。结果表明,江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故以一般等级事故居多,事故发生时间呈现一定规律性,渔船自身安全隐患突出,从业人员岗位技能不足,渔船安全管理责任不到位。基于分析结果,提出压降一般等级事故,遏制较大等级以上事故,提高风险管控和事故防范能力的对策建议。