饲料中不同蛋黄粉水平对孔雀鱼繁殖力的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中不同蛋黄粉水平对孔雀鱼繁殖周期和产仔量的影响。选择生长状况良好且相近的成年孔雀鱼20对,随机分为四组,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂蛋黄粉含量为2%、4%、8%的混合饲料。结果显示,在试验蛋黄粉水平范围内,饲料中蛋黄粉水平越高,繁殖周期越短,对照组与试验组差异显著(P＜0.05),但各试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。对产仔量的统计结果显示,随着饲养时间的延长和饲料中蛋黄粉水平升高,孔雀鱼产仔量增多,第三次产仔量各试验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但各试验组间差异不显著;总产仔量8%蛋黄粉水平最高,但与4%蛋黄粉水平差异不显著(P＞0.05)。提示饲料中添加蛋黄粉可缩短孔雀鱼的繁殖周期,提高孔雀鱼产仔量,4%蛋黄粉水平为本试验中饲料最适蛋黄粉含量。     

富硒绞股蓝功能性茶冻的研制

绞股蓝是一种药食同源的草本植物,被誉为“南方人参”,兼备了较高的营养价值与药用价值,具有清热解毒、调节血糖血脂、改善记忆力、抗动脉硬化、抗心肌梗塞、预防癌症等功效。然而,目前绞股蓝相关产品仍以绞股蓝茶为主,存在味苦、浮沫多的弊端,成为绞股蓝推广销售的主要瓶颈问题。本论文以陕西安康所产富硒超微绞股蓝茶粉为主要原料,以魔芋葡甘聚糖、黄原胶、甜味剂等为辅料,以感官评价为主要指标,利用正交试验与Box-Benhnken设计-响应面法筛选出最优的富硒绞股蓝功能性茶冻配方工艺。相较于传统绞股蓝茶,所得产品(1)克服了绞股蓝茶味苦、浮沫多的弊端,丰富了绞股蓝茶产品形式;(2)茶冻状态突破了传统茶冲泡形式下功能成分利用率低的限制,极大提高了硒等功能活性物质的摄取率;(3)以膳食纤维-魔芋葡甘聚糖为成胶成分,既使产品具有细腻、弹爽的口感、透明均匀的色泽,同时赋予其调节肠道菌群、缓解便秘的功能特性,显著增强了产品的功能活性;(4)以甜味剂代替传统茶冻中的蔗糖, 更适于控糖人群和代谢综合症人群食用。该研究结果为绞股蓝基功能性产品的研制与推广提供了技术和理论借鉴。     

Butterflies highlight the conservation value of hay meadows highly threatened by land-use changes in a protected Mediterranean area

Butterfly assemblages were used to characterize and evaluate the conservation value of the main habitat types in the Aiguamolls de l’Empordà Natural Park (north-eastern Spain), an important protected wetland area on the Mediterranean coast. Butterfly data were obtained from a number of transects walked as part of the Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, which uses a standardized methodology for monitoring butterflies. A Mantel test indicated a strong association between habitat types and the composition of butterfly assemblages and a principal component analysis ordinated individual butterfly species along a gradient from woodland to open areas, thereby indicating various degrees of shade tolerance. In addition, cluster analysis distinguished two main groups of habitats based on the similarities of their butterfly fauna: woodland and bramble clumps and a group of three different kinds of grasslands (traditionally hay meadows, pastures, and alfalfa fields). Hay meadows flooded in winter (the so-called closes) appeared always as the highest ranked habitat in terms of conservation evaluation: they have more butterflies and a slight tendency to harbor more and generally rarer species. This conclusion coincides with that of previous investigations that have indicated that the most diverse and rare plant communities in the whole Natural Park are present in the closes, and highlights the importance of traditionally managed hay meadows for wildlife. However, these hay meadows - one of the rarest habitats in the Mediterranean region - are in alarming decline and have become the most threatened habitat in this protected area: no longer profitable, we believe that the future of the closes will depend ultimately on the existence of agri-environmental schemes.     

Accounting for uncertainty in pedotransfer functions in vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater

A simulation tool for site-specific vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater was developed, based on the pesticide fate and transport model MACRO, parameterized using pedotransfer functions and reasonable worst-case parameter values. The effects of uncertainty in the pedotransfer functions on simulation results were examined for 48 combinations of soils, pesticides and application timings, by sampling pedotransfer function regression errors and propagating them through the simulation model in a Monte Carlo analysis. An uncertainty factor, f(u), was derived, defined as the ratio between the concentration simulated with no errors, c(sim), and the 80th percentile concentration for the scenario. The pedotransfer function errors caused a large variation in simulation results, with f(u) ranging from 1.14 to 1440, with a median of 2.8. A non-linear relationship was found between f(u) and c(sim), which can be used to account for parameter uncertainty by correcting the simulated concentration, c(sim), to an estimated 80th percentile value. For fine-textured soils, the predictions were most sensitive to errors in the pedotransfer functions for two parameters regulating macropore flow (the saturated matrix hydraulic conductivity, K(b), and the effective diffusion pathlength, d) and two water retention function parameters (van Genuchten's N and alpha parameters). For coarse-textured soils, the model was also sensitive to errors in the exponent in the degradation water response function and the dispersivity, in addition to K(b), but showed little sensitivity to d. To reduce uncertainty in model predictions, improved pedotransfer functions for K(b), d, N and alpha would therefore be most useful.     

Plasma levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite and progesterone in repeat breeder heifers.

A detailed clinical-endocrine investigation was performed in 6 repeat breeder heifers (RBH) with the aim being to ascertain whether endocrine asynchronism exists at luteal regression and during early pregnancy. The heifers were first studied during an open cycle and then after insemination when 3 heifers became pregnant. Circulating plasma levels of PGF2 alpha metabolite were measured every 2nd h, while progesterone (P4) levels were measured every 6th h. The oestrous period and intervals between the onset of oestrus and ovulation were relatively longer, compared with what is normally seen in heifers. Plasma levels of P4 at the onset of oestrus were higher than normal, but it was concluded that the plasma levels of PGF2 alpha metabolite and P4 in RBH at luteal regression and early pregnancy were normal.     

苹小吉丁林间扩散行为的初步研究

目的 掌握苹小吉丁成虫在林间的自然扩散行为规律,以制定合理的害虫监控策略。 方法 于伊犁巩留县五乡栽培苹果园内采用标记-重捕法监测苹小吉丁雌雄试虫在不同方向、不同距离的扩散数量及影响因子进行了研究,对扩散速度进行了分析,同时对林间种群数量进行了预估。 结果 结果表明：苹小吉丁在林间的扩散对方向具有一定的选择性,主要向北面、南面及东北面进行扩散,分别回捕到标记释放总虫数的3.2%、3.2%和2.7%;东南面和西南面均未回捕到标记试虫。随着回捕点距离的增加,标记试虫回捕数量逐渐降低,扩散至5 m处的数量最多,占标记释放总虫数的6.6%,最远扩散至北面35 m,说明标记试虫由果园北面迁出的潜在性较大,扩散距离整体呈指数分布趋势（R2 = 0.9262）。苹小吉丁雄虫扩散速度高峰出现在第3 d,为1.7 m·d−1;而雌虫扩散速度高峰出现在第12 d,达到2.5 m·d−1。随着释放时间的推移苹小吉丁雌雄虫的扩散率逐渐上升。由种群数量预估方程计算得知,试验田间苹小吉丁估计种群数量为2253头,雌成虫估计值为1262头,雄成虫估计值为989头。 结论 苹小吉丁在林间具有一定的自然扩散能力,最远可达35 m,且雌虫的扩散能力要强于雄虫。林间种群数量预估结果能为苹小吉丁发生动态预测和控制策略制定提供参考依据。     

终身效益指数(LPI)及近五年加拿大荷斯坦牛群性状遗传增量

终身效益指数是加拿大选择公母牛的主要依据,对提高产奶量和奶品质及牛的强壮度具有重要意义。通过指数选择2010年加拿大的荷斯坦泌乳牛单产已超过9 700kg,乳脂率3.8%,乳蛋白率3.2%,体细胞数低于20万个/mL、细菌数3万以下,真正做到了优质高产。     

Effects of isorhapontigenin on cell cycle arrest and down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression in bladder cancer cells

AIM：To explore the inhibitory mechanism of isorhapontigenin (ISO) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of UMUC3 bladder cancer cells. METHODS：Human UMUC3 bladder cancer cells were pretreated with ISO, and the proliferation of the cells was observed under phase-contrast microscope and by ATPase assay. The expression of cyclin D1 was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The cell cycle alteration was detected by flow cytometry, and the cell migration was examined by wound-healing assay. RESULTS：Over 20 μmol/L of ISO significantly inhibited the proliferation of UMUC3 cells with the IC50 of (22.5±2.8) μmol/L. The mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 in UMUC3 cells were markedly decreased after treatment with ISO. Exposure of UMUC3 cells to low dose (5 μmol/L) of ISO led to significant induction of G0/G1 growth arrest at both 12 h (58.82%) and 24 h (63.94%), compared with the negative control cells (47.33%) without inducing obvious apoptosis. ISO at dose of 5 μmol/L also markedly inhibited the cell migration. CONCLUSION：ISO significantly exhibits inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of human bladder cancer cells by down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression accompanying with G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.     

金属洗桶企业场地污染调查与分析实例

以某金属洗桶企业搬离时,对场地开展的污染调查与分析为实例,探讨了污染场地健康风险评估的方法和进行风险管控的手段,以期提供参考。     

基于耕地质量成果的上海市耕地占补平衡运行机制研究

在对我国耕地占补平衡问题分析的基础上,结合占补平衡耕地质量内涵和上海市耕地质量成果应用条件分析,构建以数量平衡为前提的耕地质量占补平衡运行机制。该机制框架包括耕地质量评估和监测机制、占补平衡指标储备机制、占补平衡指标跨区使用机制和占补平衡实施经济保障机制等4个方面,以为完善耕地占补平衡制度提供依据。