Public perceptions of ecosystem services and preferences for design scenarios of the flooded bank along the Three Gorges Reservoir: Implications for sustainable management of novel ecosystems

The newly formed extensive flooded land associated with the Three Gorges Reservoir hold great potentials to provide ecosystem services (ESs) for surrounding cities and communities. Conflicting values and conventional management strategies may complicate and inhibit broad-scale decision-making for this novel ecosystem. Public attitudes are a crucial influence in the way this process plays out. This study was conducted to assess how the reservoir bank is perceived by the general public of Chongqing Municipality in terms of importance of riparian ESs, and preference for corresponding landscape design styles through photo-questionnaire interviewing. Although Chongqing citizens know little of the “ecosystem services” concept, they do recognise riparian environmental and ecological benefits especially the bank protection and pollution interception functions, while benefits of habitats for wildlife and flood attenuation were of less concern. Recreational values were least appreciated, which is inconsistent with other studies. This may be attributed to a wider, intensive environmental education in various social media in today’s China. But publicity has been dominated by toxic air, water and soil pollution control rather than the benefits of nature conservation and personal contact with nature. In line with recognition of ESs, there is quite strong preference for the forested design scenario and particularly vegetation components across the socio-demographic spectrum. Overall, socio-demographic variables have very low explanatory power for the perceptual responses. Our study also revealed misunderstandings around riparian functions and a gap between public expectations and special abiotic and biotic prerequisites in restoring novel ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this research to urban novel ecosystems in general, and implications for raising public awareness, engaging appropriate public values in sustainable design and management of such ecosystems.     

土地利用景观格局动态分析——以阜康荒漠绿洲为例

阜康荒漠绿洲土地利用景观格局受自然分异和水土资源开发利用程度的制约 ,通过划分景观样带和选取景观空间格局指标 ,本文重点揭示该区域景观格局的变化及其影响因子。结果表明 :( 1 ) 1 987年至 1 998年间阜康土地利用景观格局变化主要表现为耕地面积在洪积扇上增加 ,在冲积平原上下降 ;荒地则刚好相反。林地面积在低山丘陵带和洪积扇带下降 ,在冲积平原上没有变化。牧草地面积在低山丘陵带上升 ,其他各带均下降。城镇面积在各样带上都有所增加 ,水域各带基本不变。 ( 2 )低山丘陵带和洪积扇带景观多样性和均匀度下降 ,优势度上升 ;而冲积平原则多样性和均匀度上升 ,优势度下降。景观破碎度有增加的趋势 ,表明了人为影响的不断增强。     

林木瘿螨

概述林木瘿螨研究现状及其亲缘关系,最后扼要地介绍了林木瘿螨的防治。     

混合土料单独命名的必要性探讨

混合土料是由粗细土颗粒组成的土。作者对混合土料、均匀粗粒土及纯细烂土的颗粒组成与工程性质进行了对比分析。结果表明，混合土料是介于均匀粗粒土和纯细粒土之间的土，它的工程性质有别于均匀粗粒土和纯细粒土，有必要对其单独命名，这为混合土的合理定位与专门研究提供了基础。     

Boundary-fitted grid in landscape modeling

Landscape modeling requires the delineation of system boundaries and interior features. Quite often, these components are complex and difficult to accurately represent. A rectangular grid is used to represent the study and adjacent non-study areas in most cases. When the non-study area occupies a large portion of the grid, computer memory is wasted, and computational time increases. An elliptical grid generator for non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is used to generate a boundary-fitted grid for a landscape model. In a boundary-fitted grid coordinate system, one coordinate axis follows the landscape domain boundary and is non-orthogonal to the second axis. The boundary-fitted grid uses elliptic partial differential equations to distribute grid points inside the landscape domain. Although the boundary-fitted grid follows the domain boundary, the grid pattern and point allocation remain structured. Thus, a landscape model can use a boundary-fitted grid without changing the model’s data structure or the computational scheme. In this study, a boundary-fitted grid and a raster-based grid were applied to the Everglades Landscape Fire Model. Use of the boundary-fitted grid decreased model simulation time by about one fifth and computer storage by 58% relative to the raster-based grid. Also, the linear characteristics of interior geographical features such as rivers and airboat trails were preserved by the boundary-fitted grid, but not by the raster-based grid. This preservation provided a more reasonable base map for simulating ecological processes, such as fire across heterogenous landscapes.     

数量化理论Ⅲ在土地质量综合评价中的应用

木文对土地质量综合评价的方法进行了探讨,首次提出将数量化理论Ⅲ应用于土地质量分级。与目前使用的系统聚类、动态聚类方法相比,数量化理论Ⅲ更适合于变量类型为定性变量的土地资源调查资料的分类。它弥补了系统聚类方法和动态聚类方法在土地资源评价中应用的局限性,数量化理论Ⅲ是一种可用于土地质量分级的理想方法。     

北京中山地区非石灰性土壤发生分类的研究

利用剖面形态、微形态、理化分析、粘粘x衍射分析等结果,对北京中山地区土壤的发生过程和分类问题进行了研究。首次提出尘暴降尘物质对土壤发生过程的滞缓作用。若土壤分类上采用pH(KCI),北京中山地区非石灰性土壤应属于暗棕壤。在土壤分类特征上,为在山地普遍应用中避免估算和推测造成混乱,建议采用反映该地区水分和温度状况的植被。     

GIS在生态土地分类中的作用

This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites, a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect, vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems. The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences “100 people” project and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem. Biography: XIAO Bao-ying (1974-), female, postgraduate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China Responsible editor: Zhu Hong