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1.
Naoki Harada Shigeto Otsuka Masaya Nishiyama Satoshi Matsumoto 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(1):46-51
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane (CH4) emissions from a paddy soil where rice straw was incorporated or was surface-applied. During the cultivation, half of the pots were covered with aluminum foil, except for the minimum space for rice plants, to prevent ambient light reaching the floodwater or the soil surface. Growth of oxygen-producing phototrophs was hardly observed in the unilluminated plots, whereas intensive growth of algae, duckweed and hydrophytes was found in the illuminated ones. Plant growth was not affected by the different treatments. Seasonal changes in CH4 emission determined by a closed chamber method indicated that illumination had no or only minor effects on CH4 emissions when rice straw was incorporated or was not applied, but significantly reduced CH4 emissions when rice straw was surface-applied. Methanogenesis occurring in the soil-floodwater interface was further investigated in two lab-scale model experiments measuring methanogenic activity. As a result, more activated methanogenesis was found in the surface-applied rice straw and the soil around the straw compared with the soil incubated without rice straw. The magnitude of the methanogenic activity in the rice straw incubated under illuminated conditions was significantly lower than that incubated in the dark. Consequently, this study demonstrates that methanogenesis in paddy soil occurs even in the soil-floodwater interface if plant residues like rice straw exist, and such methanogenesis is likely to be suppressed by growth of indigenous phototrophs under illumination. 相似文献
2.
试验结果表明 ,温室后墙悬挂反光膜进行补光后 ,对温室内测定点处最大光照度值无影响 ,但平均提高测定点处水平光照度值 15 4 8% ;温室内凌晨时气温、地温、墙温和被反光膜遮掩处墙温分别比对照温室低 1 1℃、1 5℃、0 9℃和 1 8℃ ,但正午时分别比对照温室高 1 6℃、1 4℃、0 3℃和低 11 4℃。温室经济产量增加 7 4 % ,当期经济效益增加 2 1元 /m2 。 相似文献
3.
[目的]介绍各种光源特性,筛选最佳大棚花卉生产补光灯配光方案。[方法]选用菊花切花生产为试材,采用白光复合光照,在大棚里配置高压钠灯、荧光节能灯、LED农业专用灯,根据3种灯具的光形特点和植物生长需求,进行实地测试,比较各种灯具的实际应用效果。[结果]结果表明,LED新型光源在整灯实际应用中节能效果明显优于其他两种灯具;LED方形灯具设计呈蝙蝠翼光形配光曲线最有利于温室实施有效布灯。[结论]LED农业专用补光灯优于目前最常用的钠灯,具有节能易布灯等特点,具有实际推广应用价值。 相似文献
4.
[目的]研究不同激素配比、蔗糖、活性炭等附加物质及光照对圆齿野鸦椿丛生芽增殖的影响,寻求最适圆齿野鸦椿试管苗增殖的培养基配方及培养条件,为圆齿野鸦椿组培快繁提供一些有益的参考。[方法]以圆齿野鸦椿初代培养的丛生芽为外植体,基础培养基为1/2MS,在不同激素配比、蔗糖、活性炭等附加物质的培养基中进行继代增殖培养,观察不同培养基及光照对圆齿野鸦椿试管苗芽增殖数量和玻璃化的影响。[结果]当培养基的激素配比为IBA0.1mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+琼脂7昏/L+蔗糖30g/L,丛生芽增殖系数最高可达3.9倍,激素对芽增殖系数的影响为:NAA〉6-BA〉IBA;活性炭有抑制圆齿野鸦椿芽增殖、促进芽体高生长和降低玻璃化的作用;糖是增殖培养阶段不可缺少的成分;自然光照较日光灯照和暗培养效果好。[结论]激素的合理配比、蔗糖以及自然光照有利于圆齿野鸦椿芽继代增殖培养,活性炭有抑制圆齿野鸦椿芽继代增殖的作用。 相似文献
5.
半导体二极管(LED)是应用最为广泛的电子元件之一,本文介绍了半导体二极管(LED)的发光原理、特性、分类、检测、应用及发展前景。 相似文献
6.
本文介绍画法几何、工程制图时采用审题后将难题分解成相关与本题解题有关的小题,并采用提问及启发方法,将思路归纳到本题,随后解题.解题后可以根据本题意给予展开成相应的题目再深入讨论. 相似文献
7.
8.
The activities of main digestive enzyme (proteases, amylase and lipase) and animal husbandry (mainly growth and survival) were studied in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus larvae until 30 days after hatching (DAH). Three different illumination levels (10, 30 and 100 lx) were compared in triplicate and green water technique was carried out. At the end of the experiment, illumination did not affect neither survival nor growth except 10 lx treatment. Similarly, specific growth rate (SGR) was different in 10 lx treatment (p < 0.05), although no differences were found in group 30 and 100 lx treatments (p > 0.05). In all groups, trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activities were firstly detected on day 3 related with mouth opening and slightly increased until 20 and 25 DAH respectively, and after this date specific activities of those decreased. Although, there was a significant difference between 10 lx treatment and other experimental groups (p < 0.05), no differences were found in other treatments (p > 0.05). Pepsin was firstly detected on day 25 related with stomach formation and sharp increase was observed until 30 DAH and then slight decrease was measured from this date and no differences were found between all groups. Amylase was firstly determined on day 2 and increased to day 5. After this date, slight decreases were measured in all groups and continued until end of experiments. The highest specific activity of amylase was determined in 30 lx treatment and no significant differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). Lipase was firstly detected on day 4 and increased to day 10. Then, activity of lipase decreased until day 15 and increased again until 25 DAH. Slight decreases were found in all groups until day 30 and continued to end of experiments. No significant differences were detected among groups (p > 0.05).
Finally, the significant improvement in survival, larval development and specific enzyme activities of larvae were determined in 30 lx treated group. It is thought that this phenomenon is related to optimal keeping conditions provided by the medium illumination level for Pagellus erythrinus larvae. 相似文献
9.
2020年11月1日-2021年2月28日,在河南郑州地区对冬春季双膜双被装配式日光温室内外温度、光照和湿度小气候进行测定,以探明其温光性能。在温室内外分别布置环境自动记录仪,每台记录仪均连接温湿度传感器和光照传感器,实现数据的自动监测与传输。结果表明:观测期内,温室内旬平均气温为11.4~21.4℃,旬平均最低气温为9.4~16.7℃;温室内0.1m深处旬平均土壤温度为15.4~22.9℃,旬平均最低土壤温度为15.0~22.1℃,温室内外最大气温差和土温差分别为17.0℃和15.6℃。全年最冷时段(1月上旬)温室外旬平均最低气温为−7.9℃,0.1m处土壤温度旬平均最低值为2.2℃,而此时段温室内旬平均最低气温和0.1m处土壤温度旬平均最低值分别达到9.9℃和15.8℃。11月−翌年2月,温室内光照度逐渐增大,晴天光照度在2000~22000lx,11月、12月、1月和2月晴天日平均透光率分别为42%、52%、49%和45%,12月透光率最高,不同月份透光率存在明显差异;阴天温室光照度在300~4000lx,各月阴天日平均透光率分别为34%、35%、36%和33%,透光率差异不明显。11月下旬−1月下旬,温室内夜间湿度为95.4%~99.0%,夜间叶片沾湿时长占比为89.1%~99.5%,温室内湿度大。观测结果说明双膜双被结构日光温室在黄淮地区冬春季具有较好的保温性能,有利于进行喜温果菜类的越冬生产,具有一定的推广应用价值,但是存在温室透光率偏低、光照弱等问题。 相似文献
10.
[目的]为黄土高原植被的恢复建设提供科学依据。[方法]采用三因子两水平设计,比较研究了黄土高原15种常见植物种子在冷湿层化、光照和温度变幅及其交互作用下的萌发特性。[结果]冷湿层化、光照分别对7、10种植物的萌发率有显著的影响。温度变幅对8种植物的萌发率有显著影响,且高温变幅时植物有更高的萌发率。冷湿层化、光照和高温变幅交互作用时能提高狗尾草、冰草和醉马草的萌发率。冷湿层化、光照和温度变幅对芨芨草、打碗花和披针叶黄华的萌发率没有显著影响。[结论]冷湿层化、光照及温度变幅能够影响黄土高原植物种子的萌发率。 相似文献