滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。     

Utilizing a DUALEM‐421 and inversion modelling to map baseline soil salinity along toposequences in the Hunter Valley Wine district

In the oldest commercial wine district of Australia, the Hunter Valley, there is the threat of soil salinization because marine sediments underlie the area. To understand the risk requires information about the spatial distribution of soil properties. Electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments have been used to identify and map the spatial variation of average soil salinity to a certain depth. However, soils vary with depth dependent on soil forming factors. We collected data from a single‐frequency and multiple‐coil DUALEM‐421 along a toposequence. We inverted this data using EM4Soil software and evaluated the resultant 2‐dimensional model of true electrical conductivity (σ – mS/m) with depth against electrical conductivity of saturated soil pastes (EC_p – dS/m). Using a fitted linear regression (LR) model calibration approach and by varying the forward model (cumulative function‐CF and full solution‐FS), inversion algorithm (S1 and S2), damping factor (λ) and number of arrays, we determined a suitable electromagnetic conductivity image (EMCI), which was optimal (R² = 0.82) when using the full solution, S2, λ = 3.6 and all six coil arrays. We conducted an uncertainty analysis of the LR model used to estimate the electrical conductivity of the saturated soil‐paste extract (EC_e – dS/m). Our interpretation based on estimates of EC_e suggests the approach can identify differences in salinity, how these vary with parent material and how topography influences salt distribution. The results provide information leading to insights into how soil forming factors and agricultural practices influence salinity down a toposequence and how this can guide soil management practices.     

Genotypic Variability in Biomass Protein and Nucleic Acids in Four Linum Species to Sodicity Stress

Differences in gas exchange parameters i.e. carbon exchange rate (CER), transpiration (Tr), water vapor conductance (g) were investigated, under a controlled environment, in a semi-dwarf (SD) Triticum aestivum line, its tall (TL) near isoline and the Payne (PA) variety characterized by small leaves. The plants were maintained in: (a) optimal substrate moisture condition (CTR); (b) salinized by watering with a 0.12 m NaCl solution (SLT); (c) water stressed by withholding waterings during a period of six days (STR); (d) stressed and salinized during the same period and with the same saline solution (S + S). CER and Tr were negatively affected by the stresses; SLT and S + S treatments had a higher WUE compared to their respective controls CTR and STR.
SD line had a better performance in terms of CER and WUE, particularly when water and salt stresses interacted. Leaf anatomy and assimilation/internal CO₂ concentration curves contributed to explaining the SD performance.     

以花生为主体作物的立体种植高效农业配置

以覆膜花生为优势布局的小麦     

天麻田间高产栽培措施试验

为提高天麻栽培产量，扩大天麻栽培地域，提高山区有限土地利用率，笔者将影响天麻田间高产栽培的几个关键因子进行比较试验，总结出天麻田间高产栽培的有效措施，为大力发展天麻生产提供了科学依据。     

Salinity Effects on the Growth and Ion Contents of Some Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) Varieties

The effect of salinity on seed germination, plant yield parameters, and plant Na, Cl and K concentrations of chickpea and lentil varieties was studied. Results showed that in both crops percentage emergence was significantly reduced by increasing NaCl levels (0–8dSm^?1). From the plant growth studies it was found that differences existed among chickpea and lentil varieties in their response to NaCl application. In chickpea, the variety Mariye showed the comparatively lowest germination percentage and the lowest seedling shoot dry weight in response to salinity and was also among the two varieties which had the lowest relative plant height, shoot and root dry weight and grain yield at maturity. Similarly, variety DZ-10-16-2, which was the second best in germination percentage and the highest in terms of seedling shoot dry weight, also had the highest relative plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and grain yield at maturity. In lentil, however, such relationships were less pronounced. Chloride concentration (mg g^?1) in the plant parts at salt levels other than the control was about 2–5 times that of Na. K concentration in the plants was significantly reduced by increasing NaCl levels. Chickpea was generally more sensitive to NaCl salinity than lentil. While no seeds were produced at salinity levels beyond 2dSm^?1 in chickpea (no seeds were produced at this salt level in the most sensitive variety, Mariye), most lentil varieties could produce some seeds up to the highest level of NaCl application. Overall, varieties R-186 (lentil) and Mariye (chickpea) were the most sensitive of all varieties. On the other hand, lentil variety NEL-2704 and chickpea variety DZ-10-16-2 gave comparatively higher mean relative shoot and root dry weights, and grain yield, thus showing some degree of superiority over the others. The observed variations among the varieties may be useful indications for screening varieties of both crops for salt tolerance.     

高温条件下超级稻对灌水处理的响应及原因分析

为预防高温天气对超级稻的影响,通过灌水深度和灌水时期试验,研究了超级稻产量和结实率对不同灌水深度和不同灌水时期的响应及原因。结果表明:不同灌水深度处理产量及结实率存在显著差异,灌水能提高产量和结实率,灌深水的效果比灌浅水好。不同灌水时期处理,灌水提高产量和结实率的幅度不同,效果最好的是在幼穗分化五期￣齐穗。不同灌水处理影响产量和结实率的原因是灌水能降低田间温度、减少日平均温度≥30℃或最高温度≥35℃天数以及灌水时超级稻发育对温度敏感程度不同。     

长寿花叶盘离体培养及植株高效再生研究

以长寿花叶盘做为外植体进行再生体系的建立,通过一定的激素组合诱导,结果表明MS 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.5mg/L组合愈伤组织诱导率可达86.6%,再生率达83.3%,外植体叶盘的摆放方式也对再生有显著影响,叶盘叶面向上放置,有利于其再生,反之不利于再生。加入AgNO3(4.0mg/L)溶液,对芽苗的分化有影响,再生苗开瓶练苗一周后容易生根,移苗入土后生长正常。     

临夏地区的野生果树种质资源

作者1984—1986年在自治州全境进行调查。基本查明,临夏地区分布有53种野生果树,分别隶属于13科26属。其中木本50种,草本3种;蔷薇科野果最多,有31种,占58.5％。对19种主要野果的糖、酸、维生素C、氨基酸及钙、磷、钾、镁、铁、铜、锌、钼等无机盐和微量元素进行了分析。其中维生素C含量在500mg/100g以上的有8种。特别是西北蔷薇(Rosa davidii Crep),其果实的维生素C含量高达2354 mg/100g,为传统水果的数十至数百倍,远高于沙棘和猕猴桃。此外,并含有人体必需的多种氨基酸和矿物质,是一种高营养野果。它分布广泛,蕴藏量较大,具有很高的开发利用价值。