亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律

为了探究亚洲型舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar asiatica)的羽化和生殖昼夜节律,在自然光周期和温湿度条件下对亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交配及产卵行为进行了观察,并利用触角电位反应测定了处女雌蛾性信息素的合成量与日龄之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲型舞毒蛾雌蛾在化蛹后11 d,雄蛾在化蛹后12 d分别出现羽化高峰;雌雄蛾的羽化行为均发生在光期前2 h(02:00)至暗期3 h(21:00),雄蛾羽化高峰期为光期6 h(09:00),较雌蛾(11:00)提前2 h。雌蛾羽化约2 h后开始求偶,1日龄雌蛾的求偶率随时间的推移逐渐上升,而其他日龄的雌蛾仅在光周期开始后的1 h内求偶率降至当日最低(75%),其余时间达到或接近100%;2日龄雌蛾体内的性信息素合成量最高,以后逐日下降。成虫羽化当日即可交尾,室内交尾高峰期发生在光期11 h(14:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期6 h(00:00)。产卵高峰期发生在光期3 h(06:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期2 h(20:00)。综上可见,亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化和生殖行为存在明显的昼夜节律。     

Preparation of algal-oligosaccharide mixtures by bacterial agarases and their antioxidative properties

ABSTRACT:   Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates (AOL), derived from six agars and four algal polysaccharide extracts (APE), were treated with 100–500 activity units (AU) of MA103-agarases or MAEF108-agarases, and their antioxidative properties evaluated. Soluble total polyphenols (TP) were between 462.2 ± 1.6 gallic acid equivalents (GAE, µg/mL) and 70.6 ± 17.4 GAE. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of all AOL went from 68.3 ± 0.7% to 0.5 ± 0.1%. The ferrous ion chelating capacity of all AOL went from 93.1 ± 0.2% to 21.7 ± 0.9%. Evaluation of the H₂O₂ scavenging capacity of all AOL was between 35.9 ± 5.4% and 0.1 ± 0.2%. The reducing power of all AOL went from 51.3 ± 2.6 to 3.2 ± 6.8 expressed as µg/mL ascorbic acid. In DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ferrous ion chelating capacity and reducing power etc., the AOL derived from the APE of Porphyra dentate (digested by 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases) were highest, in all test sets. However, the AOL derived from the APE of Monostroma nitidum (digested by 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases) had the highest H₂O₂ scavenging capacity in all test sets. The order of antioxidative activity performance of all AOL treated in this experiment, by these four antioxidative methods, is as follows: ferrous ion chelating capacity > DPPH radical scavenging capacity > H₂O₂ scavenging capacity > reducing power; this may be related to their polyphenols, small molecular weight polysaccharides or simple sugar constituents. In this study, it is demonstrated that various agarases derived from algal oligosaccharide mixtures possess good potential for use as a health food, due to their antioxidative capacity.     

药用植物厚朴 TRAP 标记的开发和利用

【目的】探明种植密度对积雪草光合特性、产量和品质的影响,为积雪草的高产优质人工栽培 提供理论依据。【方法】采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计的方法,设置 3 万、6 万、12 万、16 万、25 万株 / hm2 5 个不同种植密度,利用便携式光合测定系统 Li-6400 测定积雪草叶片的光合参数,通过 HPLC 测定药材中 积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的质量分数。【结果】种植密度对积雪草的分枝数、单株干质量、茎粗、叶片厚度、 叶柄长、叶长与、叶宽等形态指标均无显著影响。随着种植密度的增加,积雪草叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速 率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间 CO2 浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;Pn 在密度 12 万株 /hm2 时最高,为 15.24 μmol CO2 /（m2 ·s）,但与 6 万株 /hm2 密度无显著差异;在 6 万株 /hm2 密度下, 叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、叶绿素总量、Gs、Ci、Tr 均达到最大值,均显著高于其他密度。积雪草的鲜质量、干质 量、折干率均随着种植密度的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,以 6 万株 /hm2 最高,分别为 21.44 t/hm2 、4.20 t/ hm2 、19.60%,均显著高于其他密度处理。不同种植密度的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷总质量分数为 1.95%~2.73%, 均远超过《中国药典》2020 年版的规定（0.8%）;随着种植密度的增加,积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的质量分数 均呈先缓慢上升再下降的变化趋势,以 6 万株 /hm2 的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷质量分数总和最高、达 2.73%。 相关性分析结果显示,Tr 与药材鲜质量之间呈显著正相关,而药材干质量则与 Tr、Gs 等光合参数以及叶绿素总 量均呈显著正相关。【结论】积雪草大棚栽培最适宜的种植密度为 6 万株 /hm2 ,合理密植能有效增强积雪草的 光合特性和光合效率,进而提高药材产量与品质。     

苦草对水中环境因子影响的日变化特征

在实验室模拟条件下，研究了沉水植物苦草对水体中环境因子影响的日变化特征。结果表明，苦草对水体中环境因子如pH值、溶解氧、电导率、总磷等有显著的影响，种有苦草的水中的电导率、总磷均明显低于无植物水体，溶解氧浓度和pH值明显高于无植物水体；另外，种有苦草的水体环境因子总体日变化趋势较明显，而无植物水体的环境因子基本处于相对稳定的状态，具有明显日变化特征的指标pH值、溶解氧的变化可能与苦草的光合作用有关，而总磷和电导率没有明显的日变化特征。试验结果为进一步研究沉水植物对水体中环境因子影响的日变化特征和影响机理，以及底泥磷释放可能存在的日变化具有一定的参考价值。     

江西道地药材车前子规范化栽培的配方施肥优化

[目的]优选车前子规范化栽培的施肥配方。[方法]通过二次旋转组合设计,建立车前子产量与氮、磷、钾和有机肥四因子的回归模型,利用DPS数据库系统确定最优施肥方案。[结果]车前子产量与氮、磷、钾和有机肥4因子的回归模型为:Y=2 937.44+105.46X1+17.06X2+62.69X3+265.18X4-251.17X21-80.01X22-150.62X23-55.67X24+22.75X1X2+22.75X3X4;以产量3 450 kg/hm2作为目标,配方施肥的系统优化方案为:施氮(尿素)247.65～314.81 kg/hm2;施磷(过磷酸钙)346.05～553.95 kg/hm2;施钾(K2SO4)213.3～340.425 kg/hm2;施有机肥(腐熟猪粪)32 737.5～35 782.5 kg/hm2。[结论]方程的拟合度较好,可以用来反映车前产量与氮、磷、钾和有机肥之间的关系。     

菊花江蓠对陆基围隔高密度对虾养殖的污染净化与水质调控

采用围隔设置单养虾(S)、单养藻(A)、虾藻混养(SA)、虾鱼藻混养(SFA)4种不同养殖模式,探讨菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)对围隔高密度对虾养殖过程中产生的污染进行净化和水质调控作用。结果表明,养殖菊花江蓠的围隔水体中有更高的DO水平和较低的营养盐水平,说明对养殖水体的环境因子和营养盐都能起到很好的调控作用。水体中弧菌密度也较低,养殖环境稳定性好,使得养殖的对虾生长快,成活率高。与S相比,SA中的对虾成活率提高了32%。本实验对于采用搭配大型海藻进行养殖污染的净化与水质调控方法是可行的和有效的。     

生态因子对芋根江蓠的生长及生化组分的影响

芋根江蓠（Gracilaria blodgettii）是江蓠属一种经济海藻,可作为琼胶工业原料和鲍鱼饲料,目前已经在中国南方池塘进行试验栽培。为了探讨适合其栽培的生态条件,文章分别测定了在不同温度（18 ℃、23 ℃、28 ℃、33 ℃和38 ℃）、不同盐度（13、18、23、28、33和38）和不同光照强度（3 000 lx、6 000 lx、9 000 lx和12 000 lx）的培养条件下,芋根江蓠藻体的相对生长速率（RGR）和生化组分的变化。结果表明,芋根江蓠适宜生长温度为23~38 ℃,最适温度为28~33 ℃;适宜盐度为18~38,最适盐度为23~33;适宜光照强度为6 000~9 000 lx,最适宜生长光照强度为9 000 lx。在最适的环境条件下,藻体具有较高的日相对生长速率（RGR）,藻胆蛋白和可溶性蛋白（SP）的质量分数最高,过氧化物酶（POD）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的质量摩尔浓度最低,受环境的胁迫最小。在生长状态、光合色素和抗氧化等方面,芋根江蓠具有适应高温和中、高盐度环境条件的特性。     

Can wild relatives of sorghum provide new sources of resistance or tolerance against Striga species?

Summary The genus Striga contains some of the most noxious parasitic plants, which have a devastating impact on cereal production in Africa; of most importance are Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica . Complete resistance to infection by Striga species does not exist in cultivated cereals. Of great interest is the possibility that wild relatives of cereals may provide a genetic basis for resistance or tolerance to infection and may be of enormous value for the development of resistant crops. A wild relative of cultivated sorghum, Sorghum arundinaceum , demonstrated tolerance to infection by S. asiatica , with little impact of S. asiatica on host growth or grain production compared with the detrimental impact of the parasite on cultivated sorghum. Infection by S.hermonthica , however, had a significant influence on host performance for both wild and cultivated sorghum. Differences in host:parasite responses may be explained by the timing of parasite attachment and differences in host specificity for these two Striga species.     

Isolation and purification of active components from Centella asiatica and observation of their immunosuppressive effect

AIM：To isolate and purify the active components from Centella asiatica, and to observe their effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse spleen lymphocytes. METHODS：Semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was performed to further isolate and purify the extracts from Centella asiatica. The effects of the active components on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential of the spleen lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. The structures of the active components were identified by ultraviolet spectrometry, electrospray ionization negative-ion mass spectrometry, ［1H］ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ［13C］ NMR. RESULTS：The molecular weights of the active components from Centella asiatica, named compound I and compound II, were 302 and 286, respectively. The compound I and compound II from Centella asiatica significantly inhibited the proliferation, promoted the apoptosis and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of mouse spleen lymphocytes. Compound I and compound II were identified as quercetin and kaempferol. CONCLUSION：The compound I and compound II from Centella asiatica show antiproliferative and immunosuppressive effects on mouse spleen lymphocytes by promoting apoptosis and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential.