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Freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis showed a Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity in the microsomal fraction of gill. Mg2+ was also found to be an activating cation for this ATPase enzyme. Ca2+ ATPase showed maximal activity at 40 °C and between pH 7.5–8.0. Substrate specificity of Ca2+ ATPase was highest with ATP, followed by GTP and other trinucleotides such as UTP, CTP and ADP also showed some amount of hydrolysis. Ca2+ ATPase showed slight inhibition with ruthenium red and sodium vanadate and is insensitive to sodium azide, ouabain, oligomycin B and phenylalanine. Heavy metals like Hg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ showed 50% inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase activity at concentrations of 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM and 1 mM, respectively whereas Cd2+ and Ni2+ showed 39% and 28% inhibition of enzyme activity at 1 mM concentrations. 相似文献
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应用透射电子显微镜观察了文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense Tchang et Koo)鳃骨条的结构。发现其鳃条骨条横切面的外部,有时可见两个相连的细胞密集区,细胞排列紧密,核质比大。除此之外的基质区,由平均直径28.3nm的粗纤维构成。在该区域的外围,粗纤维与边缘平行排列成薄层。在内部,粗纤维交错排列。而鳃条骨条横切面内部及整个舌条骨条则是由平均直径分别为13.8nm和13.9nm的细纤维构成的。细纤维排列规则,与鳃骨条的长轴平行。且彼此间由横向的细丝状交联连接成为直角的方格结构。两种纤维在形态上与胶原纤维不同。显示文昌鱼的鳃骨条是一种特殊的、非胶原为基质的支持组织。这使得继无颌类七鳃鳗和盲鳗中已发现的至少4种非胶原为基质的软骨家族又增添了新的成员,且文昌鱼鳃骨条与七鳃鳗和盲鳗的非胶原为基质的软骨结构都不相同,提示文昌鱼与无颌类可能有着长期独立的进化历史。 相似文献
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Torben L. Lauridsen Frank Landkildehus Erik Jeppesen Torben B. Jrgensen Martin Sndergaard 《Fisheries Research》2008,93(1-2):204-211
Fish constitute an important component of lake ecosystems and many different methods have been used for fish assessment. Based on gill net catches in two stratified (max depth = 14–22 m) eutrophic Danish lakes, relative fish abundance measured as Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) was calculated. We used three different methods of which two followed the European standard based on benthic nets (CEN (European Committee for Standardization), 2005: EN 14757. Water quality – Sampling of fish with multi-mesh gill nets. Brussels, 27 pp.), one assuming equal volumes in all depth strata and the other using calculated volumes in the depth strata. The third method followed a modified CEN standard, adopted as a new Danish (DK) standardized method based on calculated benthic and pelagic water volumes and by including both benthic nets and, compared to the CEN standard, an increased fishing effort with pelagic nets. Fish were concentrated in the littoral/benthic part of the upper two depth strata (0–6 m depth) with an up to 8 fold higher abundance than in the pelagic. Calculated CPUE is highly sensitive to the morphometry of the lakes. In lakes with extreme morphometry (unequal volumes in depth strata) it is important to use calculated water volumes for the depth strata. By including information derived from the pelagic nets, total lake CPUEs were 42–56% lower than CPUE values based on benthic nets only. We further show that the relative contribution of CPUE between habitats changes markedly with the nutrient level in 12 deep lakes. It is concluded that for deep lakes it is of key importance to include pelagic nets when comparing fish assemblages and abundances among lakes and when evaluating effects of major changes in key environmental factors, such as nutrient loading and climate. 相似文献
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本文采用脾脏细胞空气干燥法制片,Giemsa染色,对两种生活于近海沿岸的(鱼叚)虎鱼染色体核型进行分析研究。其中,纹缟(鱼叚)虎鱼(Tridentiger trigonoce phalus)2n=44,NF=76,有10对中部着丝点染色体,6对亚中部着丝点染色体和6对端部着丝点染色体;竿(鱼叚)虎鱼(Luciogobius guttatusGill)2n=44,NF=72,有7对中部着丝点染色体,7对亚中部着丝点染色体和8对端部着丝点染色体。未发现有异形染色体。 相似文献
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T. K. Banerjee 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):441-454
Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized
skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously
stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills
include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae
causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled
regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following
lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration
of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion
of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing
blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to
the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride
cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology
of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also
shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin
that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants. 相似文献
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草鱼细菌性烂鳃病病原的研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
从患细菌性烂鳃病的草鱼病灶分离得滑动细菌M_(165),经多次水中感染(及反复分离、再感染),能使草鱼及多种池塘鱼类显症、死亡。M_(165)的生物学特性与鱼害粘球菌相似,但不能用Dworkin法快速诱生小孢子。该菌DNA碱基比为35.3%,与粘球菌有明显差异,采用柱状屈桡杆菌学名Fiexibacter columnaris (Davis)Leadbetter。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨酸碱胁迫对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼鳃组织结构及Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。[方法]将初始体质量(6.81±0.85)g奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼暴露于不同酸碱度(p H分别为4.5、6.0、7.5、9.0、10.5,依次设为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组、对照组及试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)的水体中,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。胁迫后0、12、24、48、72 h采集鱼鳃样本,采用HE染色石蜡组织切片及分光光度法比较酸碱胁迫对鱼鳃组织结构及其中Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。[结果]对照组鱼鳃的组织结构未发现有明显病变的症状,且鳃中的Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力维持在一定水平;各胁迫组鱼鳃组织结构均不同程度发生病变,出现鳃丝融合,动脉血管破损,鳃小片肿胀弯曲,顶端与末端粘充血和肿胀,黏液细胞增多,上皮细胞增生、脱落,泌氯细胞肿胀,细胞质空泡化等一系列病态症状,且其症状会随着酸碱程度的加深、暴露时间的延长而加重;酸碱胁迫后各胁迫组鱼鳃中Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力均出现先升高后降低的变化,其中酸胁迫的峰值出现在48 h,而碱胁迫出现在12 h。[结论]该研究结果可为奥尼罗非鱼的养殖生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
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硫酸铜对三角帆蚌肝脏和鳃的毒害 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
硫酸铜常用于淡水珍珠养殖中的蚌病防治[张元培1994],铜是生物体的必需微量元素,但当其浓度超过机体调节范围时,在体内累积过多,将会引起机体的酶活性[Zervas等1990]、生化成分[Sathyanathan等1988]、免疫系统[Kucharz和Sierakowski1988]等方面的一系列变化,对其生长、生存造成危害[Ewing等1982]。一般认为肝脏是解毒的器官,而鳃与水体外环境和机体内环境接触密切,也常被作为水生生物铜毒害的重要研究对象,但多集中在海洋生物[Miller和Mackay… 相似文献