断裂构造地带公路定线研究

本文阐述在断裂构造地质地带的公路定线问题。包括:用航空象片判释和地质调绘方法查明断裂构造分布情况,用航测成图和纸上定线方法确定路基和桥隧构造物的稳定位置。结果表明:用航片判释区域地质构造有较好效果,通过地质调绘为评价路线方案和确定线位提供可靠依据,通过航测成图和纸上定线作出了比较经济合理的方案。     

Net depth response of a depth-controllable (towed) gillnet for fish sampling

SUMMARY: Flume-tank experiments were performed to examine the depth response of a new type of depth-controlled gillnet. Variations of net depth were investigated as the warp was paid out and wound up for different changes of warp length, main sinker weights, and winch speeds. In most experiments, when the warp finished paying out, the net continued to descend and then ascended slightly to an equilibrium depth (overshoot phenomenon). The overshoot distance was nearly constant when the warp was wound up and increased linearly with increasing winch speed when the warp was paid out. An increase in winch speed reduced net settling time, which converged on a constant value for both paying out and winding up.     

大别山-桐柏山地区杀虫性植物资源调查初报

大别山、桐柏山属于亚热带向暖温带过渡地气候 ,是植物区系的交接过渡地带 ,既有亚热带典型的代表型 ,又体现着过渡性的特征。能产生具有杀虫活性的次生代谢产物的植物即杀虫性植物。通过广泛调查、采集与鉴定 ,大别山—桐柏山地区分布有杀虫性植物 72科 138种     

研究森林变化对河川水沙影响的一种便捷方法──以四川省都江堰市白沙河为例

依据航片判读、森林资源调查资料和水文数据，利用流域自身对比法，得出森林变化对河川径流泥沙的定量关系。文中还阐明本方法的技术关键——消除降雨量不同对水沙的影响．该方法具有适合我国国情、费小效宏、精度较高、简捷易行等优点，值得推广提倡。     

尼勒克县春小麦田杂草调查及防治策略

运用倒置“W”9点取样法对新疆尼勒克县春小麦田杂草调查结果表明:尼勒克县春小麦田杂草有15种,隶属11个科,其中豆科4种,菊科2种,禾本科、十字花科、旋花科、唇形花科、蓼科、藜科、木贼科、桑科、紫草科各1种。其中块茎香豌豆、野燕麦和苦苣菜几种杂草的相对多度分别为54.9%、52.3%和46%,为优势种群。根据其杂草分布特点,采取农业、物理机械及化学防治措施,能有效控制草害发生与危害。     

沙尘暴应急监测方法研究

在沙尘暴应急监测方法研究中,通过对总悬浮颗粒物采样仪器及各种采样参数的研究确定和降尘采样器的研制,制定出沙尘暴应急监测方法。     

湖南省土地荒漠化和沙化监测布局与监测方法

我省土地荒漠化和沙化监测主要包括3个荒漠化监测站和5个沙化监测站，布设监测样地28个。确定了采集监测区域内气象、土壤、水文、生物等方面的信息和方法。     

An investigation of uncertainty in field habitat mapping and the implications for detecting land cover change

Land cover data for landscape ecological studies are frequently obtained by field survey. In the United Kingdom, temporally separated field surveys have been used to identify the locations and magnitudes of recent changes in land cover. However, such map data contain errors which may seriously hinder the identification of land cover change and the extent and locations of rare landscape features. This paper investigates the extent of the differences between two sets of maps derived from field surveys within the Northumberland National Park in 1991 and 1992. The method used in each survey was the Phase 1 approach of the Nature Conservancy Council of Great Britain. Differences between maps were greatest for the land cover types with the smallest areas. Overall spatial correspondence between maps was found to be only 44.4%. A maximum of 14.4% of the total area surveyed was found to have undergone genuine land cover change. The remaining discrepancies, equivalent to 41.2% of the total survey area, were attributed primarily to differences of land cover interpretation between surveyors (classification error). Differences in boundary locations (positional error) were also noted, but were found to be a relatively minor source of error. The implications for the detection of land cover change and habitat mapping are discussed.     

A seroepidemiological study on bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in the central valley of California

A seroepidemiological study on bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in California dairy cattle was conducted to estimate the prevalence and distribution by age and season of BTV group-reactive antibodies and to look for possible associations between the presence of antibodies and cattle age or breed and farm. Between December 1985 and March 1987, a sample of cattle was tested at approximately two-month intervals for BTV group-reactive antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data taken during the month of December 1986 were used to evaluate possible associations between a positive antibody test and certain intrinsic (age, breed) and extrinsic (farm) factors.Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses using the -square test for associations and multiple logistic regression, respectively, were carried out for possible associations between positive antibody tests to BTV and each factor of interest. The strengths of the associations were determined using estimates of the odds ratio.Of the 3774 serum samples tested, 238 (6.3%) were from calves, 1045 (27.6%) were from heifers and 2492 (66.0%) were from cows. Seroprevalence varied from nil in calves on two occasions to over 90% on several occasions in cows. Cows consistently had higher prevalence rates than heifers or calves across all test dates (p<0.05). The seroprevalence of BTV group-reactive antibodies also showed a seasonal fluctuation, with the highest rates occurring during the warmer months of the year. These highest prevalence rates coincided with heavy activity of the known vector of BTV, Culicoides spp. Breed and farm effects were not statistically significant (p>0.05). With the exception of one farm, all cattle were of the Holstein breed, which reduced confidence in assessing any breed effect in this study. Relative estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of BTV ELISA were 87% and 100% respectively, compared to the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test.The observations support previous findings of seasonal distribution of BTV antibodies and suggest an age relationship, whereby older cattle are more likely to be positive to BTV group-reactive antibodies than younger cattle.