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1.
探究不同规格黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)肌肉营养成分及品质差异,实验以野捕的 3种规格黄鳍金枪鱼J1 (4.2±1.2) kg、J2 (22.5±2.5) kg和J3 (50.8±3.9) kg为研究对象,通过常规生化分析方法对金枪鱼肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质元素进行比较分析。结果显示,(1) J1组水分含量显著高于J2、J3组;J2、J3组粗蛋白含量显著高于J1组(P<0.05);J3组粗脂肪含量显著高于J1、J2组(P<0.05)。(2)检出19种常见氨基酸,氨基酸含量最高的为谷氨酸(3.04~ 3.25 g/100 g),必需氨基酸中含量最高的为赖氨酸(2.02~2.15 g/100 g),最低的为色氨酸(0.31~ 0.45 g/100 g)。非必需氨基酸含量J3>J2>J1 (P<0.05);必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量J1组显著低于J3组(P<0.05)。依据氨基酸评分(AAS),缬氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸;以化学评分(CS)为评分标准,J1、J2组第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,J3组为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸。(3)各组共检出25种脂肪酸,以多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为主,含量最高的为二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),占总脂肪酸含量的37.46%~39.18%。DHA含量J3组显著高于J1、J2组;二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量J2、J3组显著高于J1组;DHA∶EPA比值J1组显著高于J2、J3组(P<0.05)。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量J3>J2>J1;PUFA含量J3组显著高于J1、J2组(P<0.05)。PUFA/饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸/n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3/n-6)比值J2、J3组显著高于J1组(P<0.05)。h/H比值J3组显著高于J1、J2组(P<0.05)。(4) J2、J3组Na、Ca含量显著高于J1组,J1组K含量最高且显著高于J2、J3组(P<0.05)。4种重金属元素均低于食品中建议的最大允许限量,其中Fe含量最大的为J3组,且J3>J2>J1 (P<0.05);Cu含量最大的为J3组,且显著高于J1组(P<0.05)。综合分析,大规格黄鳍金枪鱼具有更好的营养质量,本研究为居民膳食的选择及黄鳍金枪鱼人工配合饲料的配制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
AIM To evaluate the effect of swimming on experimental endometriosis in rats. METHODS 80 female SD rats were divided into 8 groups, including control group, model group and animals performed light exercise (swimming once a week), moderate exercise (swimming 3 times a week), and intense exercise (swimming 5 times a week) before or after endometriosis induction,10 rats in each group. The mRNA and protein expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in endometrium of rats were detected. RESULTS The swimming before the induction of the edometriosis lesions did not prove to have aprophylactic role against endometriosis, whereas the swimming after induction of the lesions had a beneficial effect regardless of frequency, with a greater reduction in the groups practicing moderate and intense activity (P< 0. 05), an increase in FAS levels and a decrease in MMP9 and PCNA levels were also observed (P< 0. 05). CONCLUSION Swimming after induction of the edometriosis is beneficial for the treatment of endometriosis, the mechanism may be related to the expression of FAS, MMP9 and PCNA protein. 相似文献
3.
党参蜂花粉脂肪酸的GC-MS分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以石油醚为溶剂,提取党参蜂花粉粗脂肪,甲酯化处理后,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离鉴定,共鉴定出8种脂肪酸,占总含量的76.78%。其中饱和脂肪酸相对含量为23.66%,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为67.83%,其中亚麻酸相对含量最高,为57.16%。 相似文献
4.
为了了解fad基因在胡麻蒴果发育过程中对不饱和脂肪酸的调控,对高、中、低三个不同亚麻酸(C18:3)含量的胡麻品种(’CDC Gold’,‘内亚7号’,’Linola’)进行了不同时期的品质测定,以及脂肪酸去饱和酶2a基因(fad2a)、脂肪酸去饱和酶2b基因(fad2b)、脂肪酸去饱和酶2c基因(fad2c)、脂肪酸去饱和酶3a基因(fad3a)、脂肪酸去饱和酶3b基因(fad3b)的qRT-PCR定量分析。结果表明,随着蒴果成熟,可溶性糖含量呈降低趋势,粗脂肪与粗蛋白不断积累,且差异显著(p<0.05)。fad2a基因、fad3a基因以及fad3b基因在各个时期中的表达符合正态分布。以0 d的蒴果为对照,在胡麻种子形成过程中,‘内亚7号’的三个基因在5 d和15 d的表达量迅速增加,到30 d时急剧减少,15 d的fad2a基因表达量为5.23倍,fad3a基因表达量是fad2a基因表达量的14.52倍,fad3b基因的表达量是fad2a基因表达量的16.14倍,表明这三个基因参与不饱和脂肪酸积累过程。在低亚麻酸含量品种‘Linola’30 d中,fad3a基因是fad2a基因表达量的52.71倍,fad3b呈下调趋势;在高亚麻酸含量品种‘CDCGold’30d中,fad3a基因与fad2a基因的表达量均呈下调趋势,fad3b的表达量为3.92倍;在中等亚麻酸含量品种‘内亚7号’中,fad2a基因表达量降低了0.31倍,fad3a基因是fad3b基因表达量的1.87倍。fad2b基因、fad2c基因熔解曲线不稳定,峰值低,可以在后续试验中继续探索。 相似文献
5.
Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil: a review 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
L. Zelles 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,29(2):111-129
This review discusses the analysis of whole-community phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and the composition of lipopolysaccharides
in order to assess the microbial biomass and the community structure in soils. For the determination of soil microbial biomass
a good correlation was obtained between the total amount of PLFAs and the microbial biomass measured with methods commonly
used for determinations such as total adenylate content and substrate-induced respiration. Generally, after the application
of multivariate statistical analyses, whole-community fatty acid profiles indicate which communities are similar or different.
However, in most cases, the organisms accounting for similarity or difference cannot be determined, and therefore artefacts
could not be excluded. The fatty acids used to determine the biomass vary from those which determine the community structure.
Specific attention has to be paid when choosing extraction methods in order to avoid the liberation of fatty acids from non-living
organic material and deposits, and to exclude the non-target selection of lipids from living organisms, as well. By excluding
the fatty acids which were presumed to be common and widespread prior to multivariate statistical analysis, estimates were
improved considerably. Results from principal component analysis showed that determining the levels of fatty acids present
in both low and high concentrations is essential in order to correctly identify microorganisms and accurately classify them
into taxonomically defined groups. The PLFA technique has been used to elucidate different strategies employed by microorganisms
to adapt to changed environmental conditions under wide ranges of soil types, management practices, climatic origins and different
perturbations. It has been proposed that the classification of PLFAs into a number of chemically different subgroups should
simplify the evaluating procedure and improve the assessment of soil microbial communities, since then only the subgroups
assumed to be involved in key processes would be investigated.
Received: 24 August 1998 相似文献
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饲料中不同脂肪酸对草鱼组织脂质含量和脂肪酸构成的影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
实验选用初始作重约1.4g的草鱼,在60天的饲养期中分别投喂1种不含脂肪的饲料和8种含3%不同脂质的饲料,观察了饲料中添加油酸(18:1n-9)、亚油酸(18:2n-6)、亚麻酸(18:3n-3)和n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3HUFA;20:5n-3+22:6n-3)对草鱼肝胰脏、肌肉、头部和去肝胰脏内脏脂质含量和脂肪酸构成的影响。实验结果表明,与摄食单纯含油酸饲料的草鱼相比,含1%18:2n-6和1%18:3n-3或1%18:2n-6和0.5%n-3HUFA饲料组草鱼的肝胰脏脂质含量显著降低,但内脏脂质含量升高。向饲料中添加18:2n-6、18:3n-3和n-3HUFA能明显影响草鱼肝胰脏、肌肉和头部脂质多不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量;组织中n-6系列和n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸含量分别与饲料中添加18:2n-6和18:3n-3有相关关系,表明草鱼具有生物转化18:2n-6和18:3n-3为高度不饱和脂肪酸的能力。 相似文献
9.
Natalia Sevane Hubert Leveziel Geoffrey R Nute Carlos Sanudo Alessio Valentini John Williams Susana Dunner the GeMQual Consortium 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(2):154-162
Background: Consuming moderate amounts of lean red meat as part of a balanced diet valuably contributes to intakes of essential nutrients, in this study, we merged phenotypic and genotypic information to characterize the variation in lipid profile and sensory parameters and to represent the diversity among 15 cattle populations. Correlations between fat content, organoleptic characteristics and lipid profiles were also investigated. Methods: A sample of 436 largely unrelated purebred bulls belonging to 15 breeds and reared under comparable management conditions was analyzed. Phenotypic data -including fatness score, fat percentage, individual fatty acids (FA) profiles and sensory panel tests- and genotypic information from 11 polymorphisms was used. Results: The correlation coefficients between muscle total lipid measurements and absolute vs. relative amounts of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were in opposite directions. Increasing carcass fat leads to an increasing amount of FAs in triglycerides, but at the same time the relative amount of PUFAs is decreasing, which is in concordance with the negative correlation obtained here between the percentage of PUFA and fat measurements, as well as the weaker correlation between total phospholipids and total lipid muscle content compared with neutral lipids. Concerning organoleptic characteristics, a negative correlation between fiavour scores and the percentage of total PUFA, particularly to n-6 fraction, was found. The correlation between juiciness and texture is higher than with flavour scores. The distribution of SNPs plotted by principal components analysis (PCA) mainly reflects their known trait associations, although influenced by their specific breed allele frequencies. Conclusions: The results presented here help to understand the phenotypic and genotypic background underlying variations in FA composition and sensory parameters between breeds. The wide range of traits and breeds studied, along with the genotypic information on polymorphisms previo 相似文献
10.
The effect of true milk use in the diet of Spanish Brown Swiss male calves on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acids composition was studied. In experiment 1, the effect of milk intake [ad libitum continuous (ADLIB) feed vs. restricted 0.7 during 75 days followed by ad libitum feed (RESTR)] and slaughter endpoint (225 kg vs. 5 month) were studied. In experiment 2, ad libitum concentrate feeding [grain-fed (GF)] was compared with milk supplementation until slaughter [milk-fed (MF)] in calves slaughtered at 345 kg. As regards to milk intake, carcass weight and degree of fatness were higher in the ADLIB group (P<0.05). The RESTR group revealed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the MF group exhibited a higher fat percentage (P<0.05), lower press and cooking losses (P<0.05), and higher scores for tenderness and juiciness (P<0.05) than the GF group. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher in the MF group (P<0.05). The results suggest that true milk use in veal production could be an advantageous alternative in terms on production costs, animal performance, and carcass and meat quality. 相似文献