麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨，比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟菜风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果，0.3%浓度过氧化氢杀菌10 min为其最佳杀菌工艺，经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求，感官品质令人满意；醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明，2.5%浓度醋酸杀菌40 min，可以达到理想的效果；紫外线杀菌20 min，杀菌效果较明显，相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

Entry Inhibition of Influenza Viruses with High Mannose Binding Lectin ESA-2 from the Red Alga Eucheuma serra through the Recognition of Viral Hemagglutinin

Lectin sensitivity of the recent pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1-2009) was screened for 12 lectins with various carbohydrate specificity by a neutral red dye uptake assay with MDCK cells. Among them, a high mannose (HM)-binding anti-HIV lectin, ESA-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra, showed the highest inhibition against infection with an EC₅₀ of 12.4 nM. Moreover, ESA-2 exhibited a wide range of antiviral spectrum against various influenza strains with EC₅₀s of pico molar to low nanomolar levels. Besides ESA-2, HM-binding plant lectin ConA, fucose-binding lectins such as fungal AOL from Aspergillus oryzae and AAL from Aleuria aurantia were active against H1N1-2009, but the potency of inhibition was of less magnitude compared with ESA-2. Direct interaction between ESA-2 and a viral envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), was demonstrated by ELISA assay. This interaction was effectively suppressed by glycoproteins bearing HM-glycans, indicating that ESA-2 binds to the HA of influenza virus through HM-glycans. Upon treatment with ESA-2, no viral antigens were detected in the host cells, indicating that ESA-2 inhibited the initial steps of virus entry into the cells. ESA-2 would thus be useful as a novel microbicide to prevent penetration of viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses to the host cells.     

纹瓣悬铃花的生物学特性与生态适应性研究

以纹瓣悬玲花（Abution striatum Dickson）为材料,通过调查与栽培试验,研究其生物学特性与生态适应性,探讨园林应用的可能性。结果表明：纹瓣悬铃花花期特长、花形奇特、花色艳丽,具有优良的植物学性状和景观效果;在有效防治病虫害的前提下,无性繁殖成活率高;成年植株未见明显的病虫危害,但夏季扦插及幼龄期需防治白绢病;采用摩擦接种南瓜花叶病毒有感染现象;纹瓣悬铃花喜温暖、湿润和阳光充足的气候环境,适宜肥沃、疏松、排水良好的微酸至微碱性土壤环境;冬季-3.5 ℃极端低温环境下可越冬;园林应用中需采取相应的技术措施。     

川芎浸膏萃取溶剂研究及其有机溶剂残留量的测定

本论文基于某已上市复方川芎制剂制备工艺,通过对其制备过程中的萃取溶剂替代研究以及有机溶剂残留测定方法研究,建立了以乙酸乙酯替代原生产工艺中三氯甲烷的川芎浸膏制备方法,同时建立了气相色谱法测定浸膏中有机溶剂的残留。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯作为川芎浸膏的萃取溶剂,与原浸膏HPLC法检测结果一致,并更安全绿色环保。应用所建立的GC法测定浸膏中乙酸乙酯残留,加样回收率98.44%,该方法稳定可靠,可用于测定浸膏中的乙酸乙酯残留。     

麒麟菜与贝类混养体系净化富营养化海水的研究

研究了热带亚热带类型双壳贝类沟纹巴非蛤(Paphia exarata Philippi) 和热带大型海藻异枝麒麟菜 (Kappaphycus striatum Schmitz) 净化富营养化海水的效果。发现沟纹巴非蛤和麒麟菜混养能有效地清除富营养化水体中的N、P和chla。影响综合评价指标、N清除率、P清除率和chla清除率的因素均为麒麟菜﹥贝;其中麒麟菜对各指标的影响均为极显著(P﹤0.01);贝对N清除率、chla清除率的影响为极显著(P﹤0.01),对综合评价指标、P清除率有一定影响,但不显著。最佳混养组合为：麒麟菜养殖量6Kg/m3、沟纹巴非蛤养殖量60只/m3（40g±2g/只）。     

麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨,比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟莱风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果,0．3％浓度过氧化氢杀菌10min为其最佳杀菌工艺,经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求,感官品质令人满意;醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明,2．5％浓度醋酸杀菌40min,可以达到理想的效果;紫外线杀菌20min,杀菌效果较明显,相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

41个朱顶红品种在深圳地区园林应用能力的评价

【目的】建立朱顶红品种综合评价体系,筛选出在深圳地区可以露天栽培适合园林应用的朱顶红品种。【方法】观测统计41个朱顶红品种的20个性状指标,应用层次分析法(AHP)从观赏性、适应性和园林种植表现3个方面构建综合评价体系。【结果】月神、月色、粉色魅力、合唱团、黛丝、双皇、赤色天堂等7个朱顶红品种的评价结果为Ⅰ级,推荐在深圳园林中优先推广应用;花孔雀、夸耀、红狮、奇妙仙子、阿米哥、红宝石之星、丛林响铃、侯爵等8个品种的评价结果为Ⅱ级,建议在深圳园林中推广应用;维拉、小海星、红孔雀、冰后、苹果花、费城、猫眼石之星、洋溢、山野私语、彩虹等11个品种的评价结果为Ⅲ级,可作为在深圳园林中应用的备选品种;美丽参半、公主、桑德拉奥微、异域孔雀、安第斯仙女、米娜瓦、橙色赛维、珍妮小姐、曝光、圣诞快乐、法拉利、波丽露、本菲卡、合恩角、克劳士比等15个品种的评价结果为Ⅳ级,不建议在深圳园林中推广应用。【结论】通过模型构建,建立朱顶红综合评价体系,从41个品种中筛选15个适宜在深圳园林中应用的品种,为朱顶红在园林中的推广应用及植物配置选择提供参考。     

海南野生与养殖琼枝麒麟菜形态和成分对比

对海南野生和养殖2种不同来源的麒麟菜进行了形态和成分对比。结果表明,野生麒麟菜藻体大、分枝数多且长,2种麒麟菜主要成分为碳水化合物,由膳食纤维和可溶性糖组成,野生麒麟菜可溶性糖含量高于养殖麒麟菜,而养殖麒麟菜膳食纤维含量和卡拉胶得率则较高。2种麒麟菜成分组成各有优劣,应根据麒麟菜的实际用途来选择最佳原料。     

A Correlation of Rapid Cardy Meter Sap Test and ICP Spectrometry of Dry Tissue for Measuring Potassium (K+) Concentrations in Pak Choi (Brassica Rapa Chinensis Group)

Nutritional status of vegetable crops is often monitored by analysis of dried plant tissues, which is costly and often time consuming. Two greenhouse trials were conducted, at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Magoon facilities, to evaluate the portable cardy ion meter (CIM) in determining potassium (K⁺) status in fresh petiole sap of pak choi as compared with standard laboratory methods. In the first greenhouse trial, three algae species (Gracilaria salicornia, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Eucheuma denticulatum) were used to apply five rates of K⁺ (0, 84, 168,252, and 336 kg.ha^?1). The pak choi was directly seeded into 4 L pots and was grown in peat moss. In the second greenhouse trial, K+ was provided through Eucheuma denticulatum and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) at five rates (0,112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg.ha^?1) in peat moss and soil media. At harvest, K⁺ concentrations in fresh petiole sap were analyzed immediately with CIM and the dried samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) measurement. The results showed increase in leaf K+ content at higher rates and the maximum concentration of leaf K⁺ at 4500–5300 mg/L for sap and 8–9% for tissue was obtained when K⁺ was provided between 224 and 284 kg.ha^?1. There was a close correlation between the CIM readings and the ICP method (r = 0.8048 and 0.8314) from the first and second GH results, respectively. The results suggest that the CIM could be used for the rapid monitoring of the relative K⁺ status of plants. The data further suggested 4500–5000 mg K/L for fresh petiole sap and 7.5% K⁺ in tissue as critical levels for K⁺ concentration in pak choi.     

麒麟菜中溴酚化合物的提取和降血糖活性

[目的]从麒麟菜中提取溴酚化合物。[方法]以海洋红藻类麒麟菜为原料,采用50%甲醇、50%乙醇、50%丙酮超声提取和95%乙醇、60%乙醇和50%乙醇浸提的方法,最后评价提取物和分离后组分的体外降血糖活性。[结果]50%乙醇浸提的效率最高,且提取物的降血糖活性高达73%,且氯仿∶甲醇=100∶0组分活性最高,达70%。[结论]为进一步开发海南经济藻类及新的降血糖药物提供了依据。