草地类型梯度分析

紫泥泉地区位于天山北坡低山带，具有代表性的冬春秋放牧场。本文应用数量分类（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）、排序（ＤＣＡ）和回归分析方法研究了草地类型的分类及其分布的梯度规律。研究结果表明：该地区的草地类型按传统分类划分出１８个型，ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ分类结合ＤＣＡ排序归纳出８个型，其中６个型为地带性草地类型，２个型为非地带性草池类型；地带性草地类型沿水热梯度分布，非地带性草地类型沿质地梯度分布。     

基于粮食安全保障体系的经济管理与政策效应分析

探讨了粮食安全保障体系,即粮食安全的基本概念、保障体系的结构、经济管理机制以及政策效应。粮食安全概念包含四个方面：粮食获取、可达性、利用效率及供应稳定性,其不仅关乎总体生产规模,还涉及资源分配与市场运作。生产力、储备、运输、分配、消费以及政策与管理等多个环节构成了保障体系的架构。经济管理机制的核心关注点包括宏观经济政策、市场调控以及应对市场波动的策略。通过跨国案例研究,揭示了政策在推动农业产出、加强市场稳健性和提升农民生活品质等方面的具体作用。     

THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND RENOVATING PLAN OF THE LOESS PLATEAU AND LIUPANSHAN MOUNTAINOUS AREA IN NINGXIA

<正> 1. The environmental quality of the Loess Plateau and Liupanshan mountainous area in Ningxia The landuse structure in the studied region was very irrational in 1970s, the propor-tions covered by farming, forestry and animal husbandry are separately 50.91%, 6.32% and33.3%. Since 1980s, the farmland has been returned back to forestry and pasture so that the     

土壤中砷的来源及迁移释放影响因素研究进展

砷是一种高致癌风险的类金属,自然环境中高砷(As)含量可对人类和生态系统构成直接的健康威胁。研究自然环境中砷的来源、存在形式及影响因素有助于进一步理解环境中砷的迁移转化规律,降低人体摄入砷的风险。对文献的分析表明,铁锰氧化物矿物的还原性溶解、黄铁矿及其他硫化物矿物的氧化溶解、铝氢氧化物表面的砷还原、有机质抑制砷吸附以及Eh降低和pH升高是造成砷向环境迁移的主要原因。本文综述了环境中砷的来源及其向环境迁移的多种影响因素,分析了这些因素与砷之间的作用机制,以期为加强砷污染治理提供科学依据。     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

研究温度、营养盐浓度以及光照强度对淡水浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)及其代谢产物二-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的影响,为控制丝状蓝藻生长及预警水体嗅味物质污染提供实践依据。浮丝藻由中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水藻种库分离于安徽巢湖;设置的实验温度为15、20、25、30℃,BG-11营养盐溶液体积分数为20%、30%、50%、100%,光照为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000 lx。结果表明,温度对浮丝藻生长密度、总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著,25℃是浮丝藻最适宜生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10⁵个/mL,30℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量均最高,分别为3.64×10³ng/L和2.78×10³ng/L;其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,低浓度营养盐时胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌;光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,...     

42所农业高等院校学报之比较

通过对42所农业高等院校学报的载文量、影响因子、篇均被引频次和基金论文比四项指标的统计对比,进而反映出各校学报在42所院校学报中所处的位子。     

武汉市湿地主要环境问题及保护对策

武汉市湿地资源丰富,城市的快速发展给这些湿地生态系统带来了诸多威胁,主要表现在：面积萎缩、水质污染加剧、生物多样性下降、可利用水资源减少等方面,提出了加强湿地资源可持续利用和保护的对策措施。     

鄱阳湖采砂南移扩大影响范围——多源遥感的证据

采砂是一项具有巨大生态影响的经济活动。利用多源遥感影像描述鄱阳湖中部的采砂分布,分析其对悬浮泥沙浓度的影响。2011年7月28日的Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 5用于采砂相关船只的识别,2009-2011年7-8月的Terra卫星中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)影像用于悬浮泥沙浓度的反演,(Before-after-control-impact,BACI)方法用于采砂影响评价。Landsat TM 5影像解译结果发现鄱阳湖中部的两个采砂区和90余艘船只,MODIS Terra反演结果显示在采砂区及其下游区域悬浮泥沙浓度剧增,BACI评价结果揭示采砂是导致此区域悬浮泥沙浓度增加的主要因素。平衡经济发展与生态保护之间的关系,将因采砂而造成的负面影响降到最低,使鄱阳湖的各种生态功能全面发挥是紧要的。     

Carbon cycling in subarctic tundra; seasonal variation in ecosystem partitioning based on in situ C pulse-labelling

Carbon assimilation and allocation were studied in a tundra ecosystem in northern Scandinavia. Seasonal variation in the below-ground carbon allocation to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coarse-, fine-, and hair roots was investigated using in situ ¹⁴C pulse-labelling, adding 2-3 MBq ¹⁴CO₂ dm⁻² to the above-ground vegetation. Combining the allocation data with regression models of the seasonal carbon flux made it possible to estimate a temporally explicit ecosystem carbon allocation budget.The ecosystem was a net source of CO₂, losing on average 0.97 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to the atmosphere, with little variation through the season. There was, however, significant temporal variation in partitioning of recently assimilated carbon. Allocation to below-ground compartments over 32 days following labelling increased from 18% in June to 55% in September. Above-ground allocation showed the opposite trend. Hair roots and DOC were strong sinks in the autumn. Transport of newly assimilated carbon occurred rapidly throughout the season, ¹⁴C appearing in all sampled pools within 4 h of labelling.The seasonal variation in carbon partitioning observed in this study has implications for the residence time of assimilated carbon in the ecosystem. A relatively greater allocation to rapidly decomposing pools, such as hair roots and DOC, would tend to reduce incorporation into woody tissue, increasing the overall rate of carbon cycling and decreasing ecosystem storage. The results of this study will be of value for building and validating mechanistic models of ecosystem carbon flow in tundra and subarctic ecosystems.     

The effect of moisture on nitrous oxide emissions from soil and the N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O/(N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O+N<Subscript>2</Subscript>) ratio under laboratory conditions

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) contributes to greenhouse effect; however, little information on the consequences of different moisture levels on N₂O/(N₂O+N₂) ratio is available. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of different soil moisture values and thus of redox conditions on absolute and relative emissions of N₂O and N₂ at intact soil cores from a Vertic Argiudoll. For this reason, the effect of water-filled porosity space (WFPS) values of soil cores of 40, 80,100, and 120% (the last one with a 2-cm surface water layer) was investigated. The greatest N₂O emission occurred at 80% WFPS treatment where conditions were not reductive enough to allow the complete reduction to N₂. The N₂O/(N₂O+N₂) ratio was lowest (0–0.051) under 120% WFPS and increased with decreasing soil moisture content. N₂O/(N₂O+N₂) ratio values significantly correlated with soil Eh; redox conditions seemed to control the proportion of N gases emitted as N₂O. N₂O emissions did not correlate satisfactorily with N₂O/(N₂O+N₂) ratio values, whereas they were significantly explained by the amount of total N₂O+N₂ emissions.