酵母培养物对奶牛血清指标、免疫因子及瘤胃微生物的影响

[目的]为探讨奶酵益X6 对泌乳牛血清指标、免疫因子及瘤胃微生物的影响;[方法]采用单因子配对试验设计方法。[结果]试验组血清白蛋白含量（40.68）显著高于对照组（40.07,P<0.05）,SC增加了血清白蛋白含量,谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、β- 羟基丁酸平均值（29.92、74.10、0.32）显著低于对照组(30.60、77.47、0.37,P<0.05）,降低了奶中体细胞的数量,提高机体免疫力;试验组瘤胃液中的菌群多样性逐渐增加（P<0.05） 奶牛瘤胃菌群的相对丰度发生了变化,降低了变形菌门和厚壁菌门的比例,增加了拟杆菌门的比例;[结论]奶酵益X6 日粮中添加 SC 增加了血清白蛋白含量,降低了谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、β- 羟基丁酸值,提高了机体免疫力、保护肝细胞,降低了奶中体细胞的数量; 降低了变形菌门和厚壁菌门的比例,增加了拟杆菌门的比例。     

车用永磁式缓速器设计中漏磁影响因素分析

以优化设计和减少漏磁为目标,运用磁路分析法建立永磁式缓速器的漏磁场模型,得到设计参数的解析式。由于参数之间的复杂函数关系,采用区间数学算法来优化永磁式缓速器的设计参数,将影响漏磁系数的非线性方程组化简为线性方程组。选取满足设计要求的目标参数——转子鼓磁感应强度Bm、气隙磁感应强度Bg,ave、漏磁系数K的最佳取值区间。使用区间迭代法,求出自变量参数的取值区间和权数pi。运用Matlab语言编程直接搜索合理的设计参数,减少了计算量和循环次数。三维有限元漏磁分析和试验均证明了设计参数选取的合理性。结果表明：永磁体高度HPM、气隙ge对漏磁系数K影响较大;区间数学Tschernikow算法在永磁式缓速器设计中是有效的。     

中国蓝莓嫁接研究进展与展望

蓝莓作为营养价值很高的水果,近年来在我国的栽培面积正逐步扩增,同时老园区品种更新问题也开始出现。嫁接是果树品种更新常用的方法,同时也是苗木繁育常用的技术手段。本文综述了蓝莓嫁接时间、嫁接方法及其他影响蓝莓嫁接成活的因素、蓝莓嫁接亲和性机理研究、嫁接后蓝莓对环境条件适应性变化以及嫁接后蓝莓果实产量和品质变化相关文献,以期为蓝莓嫁接相关研究提供新思路和参考,为蓝莓生产实践提供可靠指导;此外,本文对未来蓝莓嫁接研究方向做出展望。     

Production and Environmental Implications of Equine Grazing

Horses' physical and digestive well-being is often enhanced when allowed to graze on pastures. Furthermore, a well-managed pasture can contribute to economic viability. Grazing can however have deleterious effects on the environment if not properly managed. Although equine grazing, defecating, and ground trampling behavior is unique from that of other livestock species, pasture management practices are often based on those derived from cattle grazing. This review summarizes the current knowledge of impacts of equine grazing on pasture quality and environment and identifies gaps where further information is needed to formulate and recommend sustainable grazing methods specific to equine.     

东河早藕土壤养分限制因子试验

通过土壤养分限制因子试验,对比了不同配方施肥条件下东河早藕田间植物学性状、生育期和经济性状的差异.试验结果表明,缺氮、磷、钾肥对东河早藕的生长发育及产量形成具有明显的抑制作用,且效果由大到小顺序为氮肥、钾肥、磷肥.针对浙中地区部分土壤缺锌,补施锌肥能促进东河早藕早熟高产.     

山西省冬小麦生产潜力时空分布与气象因子分析

估算一定区域内作物生产潜力,对于明确该区域作物生产力及其限制因子具有重要意义。采用农业生态区域法和生产潜力递减机制法估算山西省冬小麦生产潜力,并解析其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明,2004-2013年山西省冬小麦平均光合、光温、气候和土地生产潜力分别介于63.63~74.81、10.86~12.97、3.68~5.65和2.71~4.73t/hm ²。山西冬小麦生产潜力分布特征为南部普遍低于中部地区,中部盆地地区普遍低于东西部高海拔地区。与2004-2008年相比,2009-2013年晋中西部地区和吕梁冬小麦光合和光温生产潜力有所增加,而晋中东部和长治东部的冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力有所降低。限制冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力的主要气象因子是生育期降水量和日平均温度。     

Characteristics and thermodynamics analysis ofoxyacetylene flame brazing joint of Cu/Al tubes

以磨盘柿为试材,研究不同液浸处理对冰温贮藏(-0.5～-0.2)℃柿果涩味转变、品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在冰温条件下,用2%浓度的NaCl溶液贮藏磨盘柿,可使果实的乙醇含量在贮藏30～45 d内急剧增加,促进可溶性单宁的降低,在贮藏45 d时达到完全脱涩,并可有效延缓果实硬度的下降,具有脱涩和保脆的双重作用,同时可保持相对较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,抑制贮藏后期果实丙二醛和膜相对电导率的增加,减缓果实的衰老进程。     

Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

We explored observed risk factors and drivers of infection possibly associated with African swine fever (ASF) epidemiology in Uganda. Representative sub-populations of pig farms and statistics were used in a case-control model. Indiscriminate disposal of pig viscera and waste materials after slaughter, including on open refuse dumps, farm-gate buyers collecting pigs and pig products from within a farm, and retention of survivor pigs were plausible risk factors. Wire mesh-protected windows in pig houses were found to be protective against ASF infection. Sighting engorged ticks on pigs, the presence of a lock for each pig pen and/or a gate at the farm entrance were significantly associated with infection/non-infection; possible explanations were offered. Strict adherence to planned within-farm and community-based biosecurity, and avoidance of identified risk factors is recommended to reduce infection. Training for small-scale and emerging farmers should involve multidimensional and multidisciplinary approaches to reduce human-related risky behaviours driving infection.     

Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in waste pickers and waste workers in Durango, Mexico

Municipal waste is a potential source of infection for Toxoplasma gondii as it may contain contaminated meat with parasite tissue cysts and cat excrement with parasite oocysts. Therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection and associated characteristics in two populations exposed to municipal solid waste in Durango, Mexico. Ninety waste pickers and 83 waste workers of Durango City, Mexico were examined for T. gondii infection. They were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. In addition, socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics from each participant were obtained. Nineteen (21.1%) of the 90 waste pickers and seven (8.4%) of the 83 waste workers were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. The difference in prevalence among the groups was statistically significant (P =0.03). Waste pickers aged 31-50 years showed a significantly higher prevalence (40.9%) than waste workers of the same age group (2.9%, P < 0.001). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in two (2.2%) of the waste pickers but in none of the waste workers. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in workers of the waste transfer station (25.0%) than in drivers or helpers of waste vehicles (2.5%) (P =0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii infection was associated with consuming food found in the garbage [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-11.8] and with lack of education (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95% CI 1.1-8.8). From this study, we conclude: (i) waste pickers may represent a risk group for T. gondii infection; (ii) lack of education might be a contributing factor for T. gondii infection; (iii) the higher the exposure to garbage, the higher the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection; (iv) Eating food products from the garbage may represent an important route for T. gondii infection.     

利用投影寻踪回归技术进行草地产量预报的研究

本文利用1991～1992年在新疆阜康县不同类型草地上观测的牧草产量、环境因子和卫星遥感资料运用投影寻踪回归(PPR)技术,探讨了草地产量预报的原理与方法,建立了产量预报综合模型,其预报精度达到83.5%以上,并克服传统预报方法的一些不足,科学地提示其内在关系,进而对影响产量预报精度和产量形成的因素进行分析与实验验证。因而研究结果表明利用PPR技术基本实现了科学预报草地产量的目的。