Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

江苏地区猪圆环病毒2型流行病学调查

应用复合PCR方法,对江苏地区的162份可疑病料进行了检测,结果72份病料为PCV2阳性,17份为PCV1阳性,其中7份同时感染PCV1和PCV2。从发病时间看,以9~11月发病最多,阳性率高达54.67%。样品较多的保育猪和育肥猪的阳性率分别是26.03%和68.12%。通过流行病学调查,表明该病已在江苏地区呈流行趋势。同时对18头PCV2阳性猪病料的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、腹股沟淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结、扁桃体进行PCV2检测,结果有7头PCV2阳性猪的各个脏器都能检测出PCV2;在这些脏器中,肺、腹股沟淋巴结、扁桃体的检出率都为100%,较其他受检脏器更适合作为PCV2的检测样品。     

棉花离体不定根系的发生对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响

为探明根系对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响,以离体条件下的无根幼苗、不同生根状态幼苗以及无菌种子苗作为研究对象,对其茎叶色素腺体密度、棉酚含量以及棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量进行分析。结果表明,不同生根状态幼苗中,色素腺体密度和棉酚含量与一定范围内生根数呈显著正相关,随后趋于平稳。荧光定量PCR显示,棉酚生物合成关键基因 GhCDN1和 GhWRKY1表达量在生根数多的无菌苗中显著增高,而对棉酚合成具有反馈调节作用的 GhCYP706B1表达量呈现相反趋势;无根幼苗茎叶腺体密度和棉酚含量均显著低于有根幼苗,棉酚生物合成关键基因 GhCDN1、 GhWRKY1和 GhCYP706B1表达量反而高于有根幼苗。有根幼苗中根的棉酚含量显著高于茎和叶,无菌种子苗根系中棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量显著高于茎和叶。说明棉花根系能对棉酚含量产生直接影响,同时影响腺体密度。本研究进一步验证了根系是棉酚主要合成部位,地上部分也存在少量的棉酚合成,只是不能引起棉酚发生显著变化。     

冷适应对大鼠仔鼠和雏鸡某些内分泌腺和激素水平的影响

以20只健康Wistar大鼠仔鼠和30只罗曼雏鸡为试验对象，研究冷适应对大鼠仔鼠和雏鸡某些内分泌腺和激素水平的影响。冷适应组大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带宽度和肾上腺皮质束状带的细胞数目极显著和显著（P＜0、05）地高于常温对照组，60日龄仔鼠在冷暴露72小时后，冷适应组T3和皮质醇明显升高，T3比常温组提高19．％，皮质醇比常温组提高37．17％而GH、T4及Ins变化不明显。冷适应组雏鸡肾上腺肾间组织面积和肾间组织细胞数分别比常温组提高26．05％和3．25％，垂体嗜酸性细胞和嗜碱性细胞数目分别比常温组提高12．98％和8．59％。雏鸡在35日龄试验结束时，冷适应组T3，T4和胰岛素分别较常温组抵63．85％、44．22％31．85（P＜0．05），而皮质醇比常温组提高90．37％。     

罗非鱼消化道5-HT内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

用链霉亲和素-生物素化过氧化物酶复合物(Strept Avidin Biotion -peroxidase Complex SABC )免疫细胞化学方法,对罗非鱼消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位.结果表明:5-羟色胺细胞在消化道各段都有分布,其中胃体部密度最大,其次是幽门和喷门处,后肠的密度最小.本文主要讨论了5-HT内分泌细胞在罗非鱼消化道免疫细胞化学定位,可为鱼类的内分泌学提供主要依据.     

RP-HPLC法测定鸡肉组织中的嘧菌酯残留量

利用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉组织中嘧菌酯杀菌剂残留量,色谱条件是Shim-pack VP-ODS 色谱柱,乙腈/水(75/25,V/V)溶液为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,检测波长225 nm.在该色谱条件下,嘧菌酯能较好地分离,在0.03～12.40 μg/mL(r=0.9994)的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.01μg/mL.结果表明,该法简便快速,可应用于实际鸡肉组织中嘧菌酯的测定.     

神经干细胞和神经细胞的拉曼光谱研究

[目的]从光谱学角度分析神经干细胞（NSCs）与神经细胞（NCs）的光谱区别,为临床应用提供一定的试验参考依据。[方法]通过体外培养NSCs和NCs,应用激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪测定2种细胞的拉曼光谱。[结果]NSCs与NCs的拉曼特征峰主要出现在600～1800 cm-1的波数范围和2850～3 000 cm-1波数范围内,拉曼光谱的峰位和相对峰强存在一定差异。NSCs的拉曼峰646、2917 cm-1与NCs的拉曼峰652、2908 cm-1处存在较大差异。NCs核中B型DNA胸腺嘧啶和酪氨酸含量相对更丰富。NSCs核中具有NO2成分,而NCs核中NO2较少或没有。NSCs与NCs核内部酰胺Ⅲ、C-H键、类胡萝卜素、C-H键、CH2键、CH3基团的结构不发生明显变化。NSCs较NCs的DNA、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、腺嘌呤、苯基丙氨酸、胡萝卜素、酰胺Ⅲ等含量更丰富,其中以胡萝卜素和酰胺Ⅲ的相对含量最高。[结论]从光谱学角度研究NSCs与NCs,是一种新的干细胞研究方法。     

小鼠RPL9基因克隆及组织表达差异性研究

根据已报道的小鼠核糖体蛋白L9基因( RPL9)序列设计PCR引物,克隆RPL9基因,并以β-actin为内参基因,采用相对荧光定量RT-PCR方法,检测、分析RPL9基因mRNA在小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑及脂肪7个组织中表达量的差异。结果表明,成功克隆出RPL9基因序列全长,该基因在小鼠的7个组织中均有不同程度的转录表达,其中,在脂肪中的表达量最高,在肾、脾和脑中的表达量较高,在心、肝中的表达量较低,在肺中表达量最低。