灭幼脲Ⅰ号对鹌鹑毒性的研究

用25％灭幼脲Ⅰ号可湿性粉剂0.4克/日量,0.8克/日量和1.6克/日量各饲养10头幼鹌鹑连续一月,结果对鹌鹑的体重、产卵量、卵的大小均无影响。对鹌鹑血液进行生化测定,其中血清蛋白含量、血清核酸含量、血清含糖量与对照无显著差异,仅GPT稍偏高。因此在正常浓度使用下,灭幼脲Ⅰ号对鹌鹑是安全的。     

灭幼脲对杨潜叶跳象成虫产卵量及卵孵化影响试验的初步研究

灭幼脲 (又称灭幼脲 号 )是特异性杀虫剂 ,属低毒的化学药剂。 2 0 0 2年对鞘翅目、象虫科的杨潜叶跳象( Rhynchaenus empopulif olis Chen)进行了产卵前成虫的防治试验 ,观察其产量及对卵孵化的影响。     

几种苯甲酰基脲类杀虫剂大面积地面喷雾防治赤松毛虫

１９９７～１９９８年春秋两季于河北省青龙县用杀铃脲、除虫脲和灭幼脲３号大面积地面低量喷雾防治赤松毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｓｐｅｃｔａｂｉｌｉｓ总面积达１６６６ｈｍ２,防治后平均虫口减退率达９５％,有效并持续地控制了松毛虫的危害。防治对林分内的有益生物种群无不良影响。     

灭幼脲Ⅰ号防治松毛虫的研究——(Ⅲ)对有益生物的影响

本文研究了灭幼脲Ⅰ号对油松毛虫室内毒力测定,以及对寄生天敌的影响。在林间用灭幼脲Ⅰ号低容量和超低容量喷雾大面积防治油(赤)松毛虫,并用灭幼脲Ⅰ号对鹌鹑作了毒性试验。结果证明:在林间大面积防治松毛虫后,除对中华草蛉幼虫有影响外,对其他寄生性天敌——松毛虫狭颊寄蝇、黑足凹眼姬蜂无不良影响。对异色瓢虫、蠋蝽等捕食性昆虫亦无不良影响。对白僵菌、粉拟青霉菌在常规使用浓度下无抑菌作用。对鹌鹑也是安全的。因此,灭幼脲Ⅰ号在松毛虫的综合治理中值得推荐。     

灭幼脲类杀虫剂防治栗实象试验

应用卡死克、灭幼脲Ⅲ号和抑太保等灭幼脲类杀虫剂对板栗栗实象Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｏａｒａｋａｗ ａｉＭａｔｓ．ｅｔＫｏｎｏ进行了小区药效和林间防治示范试验。结果表明,三种药剂均可明显抑制栗实象成虫产卵量及子代卵的孵化,其中卡死克和灭幼脲Ⅲ号效果最佳,综合抑制率分别为９３．５％ 和８９．８％ ,抑太保稍低,其综合抑制率为７７．６％ 。林间防治示范试验,可使虫害率由平均５４％ 左右下降到８％ 以下,其下降率分别为：卡死克９３．３％ 、灭幼脲Ⅲ号９４．４％ 、抑太保８６．３％ 。     

灭幼脲与白僵菌的相容性及增效作用的研究

研究了灭幼脲Ⅲ号原粉和２５％的胶悬剂对白僵菌孢子萌发及菌丝生长的影响,证明适当稀释浓度的灭幼脲Ⅲ号原粉可作为白僵菌粉剂的增效剂。生物测定结果表明：添加２．５％比例的灭幼脲原粉组,在３０ｄ之内,对白僵菌孢子粉的增效作用为５％;５％比例组增效可达２７．３％,且ＬＴ５０值分别比孢子粉组提前５ｄ和８ｄ。     

灭幼脲对粘虫幼虫体内物质代谢的影响

脱皮８ｈ内的粘虫６龄幼虫,用灭幼脲每头０．０４μｇ胃毒处理后１ｄ～４ｄ,体内血糖和整体糖原含量高于对照约１０％～２０％左右,而血液和脂肪体内蛋白质含量则略低于对照,与此相反,处理５ｄ后至初蛹期,粘虫体内血糖和整体糖原含量低于对照３％～２０％,而血液和脂肪体内蛋白质含量却高于对照,７日龄时处理组幼虫脂肪体内蛋白质含量比对照高达３１％。上述现象难以用灭幼脉抑制粘虫几丁质生物合成来解释,可能是其干扰了粘虫激素平衡的结果。同时,灭幼脲时稻瘟病菌孢子萌发有一定抑制作用,但抑制强度远低于异稻瘟净,说明灭幼麻可能对真菌几丁质合成有较弱的抑制。     

3种粉剂防治鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫药效试验研究

选用２．５％甲基对硫磷，９０％灭幼脲Ⅲ号原粉和３％敌死蜱，分别用陶土稀释５种浓度防治鞭角华扁叶蜂１－６龄幼虫，试验结果表明，７２ｈ死亡率，用２－８倍陶土稀释的２．５％甲基对硫磷达８７．６％～９７．９％，用２５－２５０倍陶土稀释的９０％灭幼脲Ⅲ号原粉达８５．６％－９７．１％，用２－８倍陶土稀释的３％敌死蜱粉剂达８５．４％－９９．２％，２．５％甲基对硫磷，９０％灭幼脲防治成本分别为２１．６５－２３．５     

Studies on the action mechanism of benzoylurea insecticides to inhibit the process of chitin synthesis in insects: A review on the status of research activities in the past, the present and the future prospects

In this review an effort was made to summarize the up to date information on the knowledge on the action mechanism of diflubenzuron (DFB), a prototype chemical for the benzoylurea type insecticides, with respect to its molecular mechanism to inhibit insect chitin synthesis. The key problem in pinpointing the action site of this insecticide has been the lack of in vitro demonstration of its action to inhibit insect chitin synthesis under cell free conditions. This problem was solved when an approach using a intracellular vesicle preparation from the cuticle of newly molted Periplaneta americana was developed. Using this approach it has become possible to identify that DFB indeed inhibits the process of incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into insect chitin. Recently there has been a breakthrough in this field, when a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) was identified in Drosophila melanogaster. This information was instrumental in establishing that insect SUR in the above intracellular vesicular preparation from P. americana as well as Blattella germanica is likely the actual target site of DFB to cause inhibition of chitin synthesis. The role of SUR in this case has been determined, by using glibenclamide, a typical SUR specific inhibitor as an aid, to be helping the exocytotic movement of these vesicles as is the case of other members of the group of ABC-transporters to which insect SUR belongs. In this case both DFB and glibenclamide have been shown to cause the depolarization of the vesicle membrane through inhibition of the K⁺ channel, which leads to their inhibition of chitin synthesis.     

灭幼脲和氟啶脲对斜纹夜蛾的毒力及其增效作用研究

在室内条件下测定了灭幼脲和氟啶脲对斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura Fabr)幼虫的毒力及其与5种增效剂的增效作用。结果发现,在3龄幼虫中,酯酶抑制剂TBPT对灭幼脲增效显著,SR值为8.58,羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP增效6.04倍,谷胱甘肽转移酶抑制剂DEM增效4.22倍。多功能氧化酶抑制剂PB增效2.23倍,DDT脱氯化氢酶抑制剂DMC的增效作用最小,SR值为1.14,而在6龄幼虫中,以DEM对灭幼脲的增效作用最显著,SR值为6.4,其次为TBPT(5.93)>TPP(3.47)>DMC(1.49)。说明斜纺夜蛾对灭幼脲的解毒途径主要是水解作用,其次是氧化作用。就氟啶脲而言,5种增效剂无论是对3龄幼虫还是6龄幼虫,其增效比(SR)值和增效差(SD)值均无显著差异。