霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]为霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽的临床应用提供理论依据。[方法]在探明霞水母胶原蛋白肽急性毒性反应的基础上,分别以25、50、100mg／kg的剂量给小鼠连续灌胃30d,然后进行小鼠吞噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素的测定。[结果]霞水母胶原蛋白肽为实际无毒性或低毒性物质;试验组的3项免疫指标与空白对照组相比有显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）差异。[结论]霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽具有一定的免疫增强作用。     

张网渔具霞水母兼捕减少装置的初步研究

近年来,霞水母的旺发严重影响了东、黄海秋冬汛张网渔业。为了维持渔业生产的正常进行,利用霞水母和目标渔获物的个体大小以及行为特性的差异,通过在网囊前安装网目长度为45cm的分隔网片和释放口所组成的兼捕减少装置(BRD)来释放霞水母。根据2000年和2001年的海上试验显示,该装置能有效减少霞水母兼捕,平均释放率达91.29%;而目标种类的平均逃逸率为13.35%,其中梭子蟹、鲳鱼的逃逸率较高,分别为52.84%和33.44%,带鱼和小黄鱼的逃逸率较低,分别为5.23%和6.27%,棘头梅童鱼的逃逸率为9.14%;同时由于霞水母的释放,使得作业中的暴网事故明显减少;霞水母BRD自设计开发、试验以后,得到了广泛的运用,自2003年起,已在江苏省启东市所辖350余艘张网渔船上全面推广应用。     

白色霞水母的形态与结构

2004年在辽东湾水域首次爆发了一种大型灾害性水母,据笔者鉴定为白色霞水母;本文描述了白色霞水母的形态和结构。     

光照对白色霞水母螅状体生长的影响

对不同光照条件下白色霞水母螅状体存活和生长的情况进行了研究.结果表明:自然光组和弱光组的螅状体摄食状况、成活率、日生长率均明显好于黑暗组;在自然光、弱光、黑暗三种光照条件下各组螅状体柄径与生长时间的回归方程式分别为y=0.034x+4.738;y=0.028x+4.830;y=0.024x+4.295,经检验相关均极为显著.     

温度、投饵频次对白色霞水母无性繁殖与螅状体生长的影响

白色霞水母是我国近海主要大型灾害水母种类之一,其暴发性增殖严重破坏了海洋生态系统平衡.在室内控制条件下,研究了温度(7.5、11、14.5、18、21.5和25℃)和投饵频次(1次/2d、1次/8d和1次/16d)对白色霞水母无性繁殖与螅状体生长的影响.结果显示,白色霞水母足囊繁殖的适宜温度为18-25℃,足囊繁殖随温度和投饵频次的增加而增加.温度对白色霞水母横裂率和横裂次数的影响显著,温度越高,白色霞水母发生横裂生殖的时间越早,横裂生殖速度越快,重复横裂次数越多,释放的碟状体数量也越多.横裂率和横裂次数随投饵频次的增加而递增.白色霞水母螅状体在7.5-25℃范围的成活率均为100％,其生长速度随温度和投饵频次的增加而增加.温度和投饵频次对白色霞水母螅状体足囊繁殖、横裂率和螅状体生长具有明显的交互效应.螅状体的横裂次数和初生碟状幼体伞径随螅状体柄径增大而递增,呈线性相关.研究表明,温度、投饵频次即营养条件显著影响着白色霞水母的种群数量,说明海水水温上升、富营养化或渔业资源锐减导致的浮游动物量增加均可能诱发白色霞水母暴发性增殖.结论为进一步探索大型水母暴发的生态环境机理提供重要科学依据.     

霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响

1材料与方法 1．1材料 1．1．1霞水母胶原蛋白活性肽。由霞水母酶解提取、经冷冻干燥得到,为淡棕色粉末。由江南大学医药学院药物化学与药物分析实验室制备（具体方法参见已向国家申请的专利200710171188．6）。     

The acute toxicity and hematological characterization of the effects of tentacle-only extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata

To investigate the hematologic changes and the activities of jellyfish venoms other than hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities, the acute toxicity of tentacle-only extract (TOE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata was observed in mice, and hematological indexes were examined in rats. The median lethal dose (LD(50)) of TOE was 4.25 mg/kg, and the acute toxicity involved both heart- and nervous system-related symptoms. Arterial blood gas indexes, including pH, PCO(2), HCO(3) (-), HCO(3)std, TCO(2), BEecf and BE (B), decreased significantly. PO(2) showed a slight increase, while SO(2)c (%) had no change at any time. Na(+) and Ca(2+) decreased, but K(+) increased. Biochemical indexes, including LDH, CK, CK-MB, ALT, AST and sCr, significantly increased. Other biochemical indexes, including BUN and hemodiastase, remained normal. Lactic acid significantly increased, while glucose, Hct% and THbc showed slight temporary increases and then returned to normal. These results on the acute toxicity and hematological changes should improve our understanding of the in vivo pathophysiological effects of TOE from C. capillata and indicate that it may also have neurotoxicity, liver toxicity and muscular toxicity in addition to hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities, but no kidney or pancreatic toxicity.     

Lipid Peroxidation Is another Potential Mechanism besides Pore-Formation Underlying Hemolysis of Tentacle Extract from the Jellyfish Cyanea capillata

This study was performed to explore other potential mechanisms underlying hemolysis in addition to pore-formation of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. A dose-dependent increase of hemolysis was observed in rat erythrocyte suspensions and the hemolytic activity of TE was enhanced in the presence of Ca²⁺, which was attenuated by Ca²⁺ channel blockers (Diltiazem, Verapamil and Nifedipine). Direct intracellular Ca²⁺ increase was observed after TE treatment by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the Ca²⁺ increase could be depressed by Diltiazem. The osmotic protectant polyethylenglycol (PEG) significantly blocked hemolysis with a molecular mass exceeding 4000 Da. These results support a pore-forming mechanism of TE in the erythrocyte membrane, which is consistent with previous studies by us and other groups. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an important marker of lipid peroxidation, increased dose-dependently in rat erythrocytes after TE treatment, while in vitro hemolysis of TE was inhibited by the antioxidants ascorbic acid—Vitamin C (Vc)—and reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, in vivo hemolysis and electrolyte change after TE administration could be partly recovered by Vc. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation is another potential mechanism besides pore-formation underlying the hemolysis of TE, and both Ca²⁺ channel blockers and antioxidants could be useful candidates against the hemolytic activity of jellyfish venoms.     

白色霞水母各发育阶段的形态

对白色霞水母从受精卵到成体水母各发育期的形态进行了描述。受精卵发育成带纤毛的浮 浪幼虫,浮浪幼虫在定置前形成一种凸面的圆形浮浪幼体囊, 经脱囊狭窄柄部拉长进而变成一个细长颈瓶形状,萌发出4个触手成为早期螅状体;螅状体可产生足囊和通过产生匍匐茎形成囊胞进而发育成新的螅状体;横裂为典型的单碟型横裂;新释放的碟状幼体绝大多数为8个缘叶,8个感觉棍和8对钝圆的缘瓣,但畸形个体最多12个,最少6个缘叶,同时对海蜇与白色霞水母的碟状幼体形态进行了比较。成体水母伞径200～300 mm,大型个体超过500 mm。外伞表面光滑,近中央的伞顶上有许多密集的刺胞丛隆起, 8个缘叶,8个感觉棍,口腕非常发达,口腕上有大量刺细胞团。可根据感觉胃囊和触手囊是否连接、缘瓣水管的排列类型、外伞顶中央是否有刺细胞丛以及个体伞径和颜色对白色霞水母、发形霞水母、棕色霞水母和紫色霞水母进行鉴别。     

60Co-γ射线辐射对粉掌铁兰某些生理指标的影响

用不同剂量60Co-γ射线急性辐射处理整株粉掌铁兰后,测定不同处理叶片的生理指标.结果显示:可溶性糖含量在20Gy时变化明显,与对照相比从1.04%上升至11.37%;辐射剂量与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关;与叶绿素b呈极显著相关.在20Gy处理时,粉掌铁兰生理指标适中.