滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。     

农村互联网发展对中国玉米全要素生产率的影响

采用DEA-mamlquist指数测算2004—2019年中国17个玉米主产省(区)的全要素生产率,运用联立方程组模型实证检验农村互联网发展对玉米全要素生产率的影响及其作用机理,并分区域探讨其差异性。结果显示:2004—2019年中国玉米全要素生产率年均增长0.2%,主要依靠技术进步的单轨模式驱动。农村互联网的发展显著(P<0.01)提升玉米全要素生产率,主要依靠技术进步和技术效率的协同作用驱动。分区域来看,农村互联网发展对玉米全要素生产率均具有显著(P<0.01)的促进作用,其影响程度由高到低依次为北方春播玉米区>黄淮海平原夏播玉米区>西北灌溉玉米区>西南山地玉米区。建议进一步提高农村互联网的配套设施建设,发挥互联网“连接经济”的优势,应用多元化互联网技术,促进不同生态类型区玉米生产效率的提升。     

何刚德《抚郡农产考略》农业经济思想初探

《抚郡农产考略》是清末江西有代表性的农学著作,不仅保存有抚州地区大量农产种类、栽培与加工技术等资料,还包含了大量的商品经济信息。作者何刚德已经认识到自给自足的自然经济会对生产有束缚作用,他在记载各类农产品时,提出“价值”的概念且用货币价格对其衡量,并深入揭示了农产品上市时间、供求、地理、交通条件等因素对价格的影响,进而寻求增值之道。何氏提倡多种经营,大力种植棉花、烟叶等经济作物,发挥柑橘、甘蔗等名优特产优势,促进农业的商品化生产。他还建议通过深加工的方式获取更高利润,并对未能引进西方的先进加工技术而感到惋惜。《抚郡农产考略》体现了中国近代官僚知识分子对农业经济转型的探索,具有重要的历史价值与现实意义。     

鸡皮刺螨实验室饲养与繁殖技术研究进展

鸡皮刺螨是一种吸血性外寄生虫,会引起鸡消瘦、贫血,并导致产蛋下降,造成巨大经济损失。为给科研提供可靠虫源,并对杀螨药物、疫苗以及其他防控手段进行效果评价,国内外学者进行了鸡皮刺螨实验室的人工饲养与繁殖技术研究。文章综述了国内外鸡皮刺螨实验室饲养与繁殖技术的研究进展,将其总结归纳为使用动物饲养繁殖技术与离体饲养繁殖技术两类,同时指出了各项技术在应用过程中存在的问题,为该技术的进一步完善与发展提供相关参考。     

云南松林下栽培滇黄精试验初报

[目的]探索云南松林下栽培滇黄精的技术。[方法]按照不同林分、坡位、密度设置样方,统计不同种苗类型、林龄类型、坡位类型、密度类型对林下栽培滇黄精生长的影响。[结果]在云南松林下栽培滇黄精,应选择块茎苗进行催芽处理,种植于排水较好的中坡位,郁闭度在0.6左右。[结论]为云南松林下栽培滇黄精提供了科学的依据。     

南海大顶苦瓜规范化栽培技术

为了发挥广东省佛山市的传统特色蔬菜——大顶苦瓜的产品优势,提高农户的规范化栽培技术水平,在改良南海大顶苦瓜品种的基础上,制定出配套的规范化栽培技术措施,内容包括品种特性、产地环境要求、育苗、田间管理措施和采收,旨在进一步提高南海大顶苦瓜的生产效益,大力推广这一传统特色蔬菜品种。     

Composition of organic C fractions in soils of different texture affected by sugarcane monoculture

ABSTRACT

Sugarcane is a strategic commodity in Indonesia. It is usually raised in a monoculture system. There is a lack of information about the effects of extended sugarcane monoculture on the soil carbon fraction. The aim of this study was to determine the relative changes in the soil organic C fractions in response to the duration of sugarcane monoculture on Entisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols. The measured variables were the percentages of sand, silt, and clay, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), pH (H₂O), cation exchange capacity (CEC), NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^-, labile carbon fraction (soil carbon mineralization (C-Min), soil microbial carbon (C-Mic), and carbon particulate organic matter (C-POM)), and stable carbon fraction (humic and fulvic acids). Soil type with sugarcane monoculture period had significant influences on the percentages of clay, sand, silt, CEC, and pH (H₂O). Soil type and sugarcane monoculture period had no apparent significant effect on C-Min or C-POM but did significantly influence C-Mic. The humic and fulvic acid levels in all three soil types were affected by the duration of sugarcane monoculture. To establish the impact of long-term sugarcane monoculture on the physicochemical properties of soils with various textures, it is more appropriate to measure the soil stable carbon fractions such as humic and fulvic acid rather than the soil labile carbon fractions such as C-Min, C-POM, or C-Mic.     

Do cover crops change the lability of phosphorus in a clayey subtropical soil under different phosphate fertilizers?

Plants have developed different mechanisms to absorb and solubilize phosphorus (P) in the soil, especially in environments with low P availability. This study evaluated the effects of different winter cover crops on soil P availability in a clayey subtropical (Hapludox) soil receiving soluble P fertilizer and a rock phosphate applied to the summer crop, under no‐tillage. The experiment was carried out over 3 yrs (2009–2011) with five different cover crop species: common vetch, fodder radish, ryegrass, black oat, white clover and fallow as control. The soil was sampled after the third year of cover crop cultivation and analysed for inorganic and organic P forms according to the well‐established Hedley fractionation procedure. Phosphate fertilizers promoted accumulation of both labile and nonlabile P pools in soil in the near surface layer, especially under rock phosphate. Fertilizer applications were not able to change P fractions in deeper layers, emphasizing that the Brazilian clayey soils are a sink of P from fertilizer and its mobility is almost nil. Although the cover crops recycled a great amount of P in tissue, in a short‐term evaluation (3 yrs) they only changed the content of moderately labile P in soil, indicating that long‐term studies are needed for more conclusive results.