莱茵衣藻氮胁迫基因数字表达谱分析

以正常培养条件下的莱茵衣藻为对照,通过数字表达谱技术对缺氮诱导3 d的藻细胞进行转录水平上的检测,并结合pathway分析。结果表明:差异表达基因共有482个,其中上调表达基因108个,下调表达基因374个;这些差异表达的基因共分布在85个pathways中。此结果为进一步揭示氮元素缺乏诱导微藻油脂积累的分子机理提供有用信息。     

以莱茵衣藻为载体表达外源抗菌肽的研究

将黑水虻抗菌肽基因sarcotoxin3转入到莱茵衣藻细胞中,以期实现抗菌肽活性片段的大规模表达生产,为将来完成抗菌肽的临床测试及水产应用奠定实验基础。以质粒pHK85为骨架,插入荧光素酶基因和黑水虻抗菌肽sarcotoxin3基因,用DNA连接酶将质粒连接,构成抗菌肽质粒。抗菌肽质粒经克隆、提取、酶切线性化、衣藻玻璃珠转化、荧光素酶活性筛选和抑菌实验,结果表明:经过测序进一步确认质粒成功构建,碱基序列与所设计质粒序列一致,质粒浓度472.8 ng/μL、纯度(A_(260)/A_(280))1.93,7 d后每个巴龙霉素平板长有单克隆约200个,大多数单克隆荧光素酶活力值可高达10~6,少数单克隆荧光值甚至可达10~8;藻株在26 kDa附近出现了特异信号,含有抗菌肽的蛋白对大肠杆菌DH5α有一定的抑制作用。莱茵衣藻可以作为抗菌肽外源表达的一种载体,为抗菌肽的大量生产提供了一种可能。     

缺硫对莱茵衣藻叶绿素荧光参数和产H2速率的影响

采用TAP及TAP-S培养基培养莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D.),测定了该藻叶绿素荧光参数及产氢气能力.结果表明:莱茵衣藻在TAP培养基内生长良好,有微量氢气产生,最高产氢速率只有1.4×10-4 ml/(mgChl·h).在TAP-S培养基内,莱茵衣藻的荧光参数Fv/Fo、ΦPSⅡ、qp分别在40～48 h下降到初始值的50%,说明缺硫对藻光合作用的影响首先发生在天线色素到PSⅡ反应中心的传能过程以及光合作用暗反应所需的酶.TAP-S培养基内藻最高产氢速率达0.22ml/(mgChl·h),缺硫可以显著提高莱茵衣藻氢气产生的速率.     

Use of a potentiometric vital dye to determine the effect of the herbicide bromoxynil octanoate on mitochondrial bioenenergetics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

BACKGROUND: The aims of the present study were to validate a vital mitochondrial potentiometric staining method in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and to utilise this method to examine the effect of the herbicide bromoxynil octanoate on mitochondrial potential in this species. A range of stains was investigated, including Rhodamine 123, DASPMI, Mitotracker Green, Mitotracker Orange and JC‐1. RESULTS: Rhodamine 123 (R123) had the highest utility of several candidate stains. Incubation with both 5 and 10 µM carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone caused significant fluorescence collapse [Dunn's post test (40.00, P < 0.01) and (45.49, P < 0.01) respectively], demonstrating that the R123 fluorescence reported mitochondrial potential. The effect of the herbicide bromoxynil octanoate was examined. Exposure to 0.1 mM of bromoxynil resulted in a significant increased mitochondrial fluorescence compared with the baseline (Mann–Whitney U = 222, P < 0.002), while concentrations of 1 mM and greater resulted in significant, almost complete loss of mitochondrial potential [mean fluorescence ratio = 1.193–1.289 (where a ratio of 1 represents total potential loss), Mann–Whitney U = 0.0, P < 0.001 (1 mM ), 0.0, P < 0.0001 (2 mM ), 0.0, P < 0.0001 (5 mM )]. EC₅₀ of the collapse in mitochondrial potential owing to bromoxynil incubation occurred at 0.72 mM , and the mean t₅₀ of bromoxynil octanoate action was 93 s. CONCLUSIONS: R123 is a sensitive potentiometric dye in C. reinhardtii that may find further use in investigations of both mitochondrial bioenergetics in plants and environmental toxicology. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Expression of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Isoform 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Showing High Antimicrobial Activity

Antimicrobial peptides are a class of proteins with antibacterial functions. In this study, the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 gene (ALFPm3), encoding an antimicrobial peptide from Penaeus monodon with a super activity was expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which would develop a microalga strain that can be used for the antimicrobial peptide production. To construct the expression cluster, namely pH2A-Pm3, the codon optimized ALFPm3 gene was fused with the ble reporter by 2A peptide and inserted into pH124 vector. The glass-bead method was performed to transform pH2A-Pm3 into C. reinhardtii CC-849. In addition to 8 μg/mL zeocin resistance selection, the C. reinhardtii transformants were further confirmed by genomic PCR and RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that the C. reinhardtii-derived ALFPm3 (cALFPm3) was successfully expressed in C. reinhardtii transformants and accounted for 0.35% of the total soluble protein (TSP). Furthermore, the results of antibacterial assay revealed that the cALFPm3 could significantly inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria, including both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria at a concentration of 0.77 μM. Especially, the inhibition could last longer than 24 h, which performed better than ampicillin. Hence, this study successfully developed a transgenic C. reinhardtii strain, which can produce the active ALFPm3 driven from P. monodon, providing a potential strategy to use C. reinhardtii as the cell factory to produce antimicrobial peptides.     

pH与氟对莱茵衣藻和蛋白核小球藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性及光合效率的影响

本文研究了不同pH（5.0、7.0和9.0）和F-浓度（0.1、1、10、50、100、200mmol·L-1）对莱茵衣藻和蛋白核小球藻的胞外碳酸酐酶活性、PSⅡ实际光合效率ΦPSⅡ和叶绿素a合成量的共同影响。结果表明：在低于1mmol·L-1的F-作用下,两种微藻的生理和生长指标主要受pH影响;酸性条件下,两种微藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性显著低于中性和碱性条件时,ΦPSⅡ随pH升高而增大,叶绿素a合成量随pH升高而增加。在高于1mmol·L-1的F-作用下,两种微藻的生理及生长指标受F-和pH共同影响,且F-的作用大于pH的作用,胞外碳酸酐酶活性随着F-浓度升高先增加后降低,同时随着pH下降而降低;ΦPSⅡ和叶绿素a合成量则随着F-浓度升高和pH下降而迅速下降。胞外碳酸酐酶活性、ΦPSⅡ和叶绿素a合成量都能够作为指示微藻受氟胁迫的指标,以微藻为材料除去自然界氟超标水体中的超标F-,理论上是可行的。     

坛紫菜泛素连接酶PhCUL1基因克隆与功能验证

高温影响坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)的产量和品质,是制约紫菜产业发展的主要因素。前期研究发现,高温胁迫下,坛紫菜泛素蛋白酶体系统相关基因显著上调表达,但其响应高温胁迫的分子功能还未知。本研究通过分子生物学、遗传学等技术手段对坛紫菜cullin E3连接酶基因(PhCUL1)的功能进行研究。利用PCR方法克隆了PhCUL1基因的全长,PhCUL1全长为2500 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为2481 bp,该基因存在1个Cullin (407~618 aa)结构域和1个Cullin Nedd8 (754~821 aa)结构域,其中,Cullin Nedd8结构域为蛋白融合位点。进化树分析显示,PhCUL1在进化上与脐形紫菜(Porphyra umbilicalis)有较近的亲缘关系。qRT-PCR结果显示,PhCUL1基因被高温显著诱导。为进一步阐明PhCUL1的分子功能,将其转入莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)进行功能验证,过表达PhCUL1株系比野生型更能耐受高温胁迫。同时,在高温33℃下处理3 h和6 h内,转基因植株的PhCUL1基因呈上调表达。这初步说明PhCUL1基因在坛紫菜响应高温胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用,其具体调控机制有待进一步研究。本研究有助于阐明坛紫菜泛素蛋白酶体系统响应高温胁迫的分子机制,为指导耐高温新品种选育提供理论依据。     

Metabolic Engineering of the Isopentenol Utilization Pathway Enhanced the Production of Terpenoids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Eukaryotic green microalgae show considerable promise for the sustainable light-driven biosynthesis of high-value fine chemicals, especially terpenoids because of their fast and inexpensive phototrophic growth. Here, the novel isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) was introduced into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to enhance the hemiterpene (isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP) titers. Then, diphosphate isomerase (IDI) and limonene synthase (MsLS) were further inserted for limonene production. Transgenic algae showed 8.6-fold increase in IPP compared with the wild type, and 23-fold increase in limonene production compared with a single MsLS expressing strain. Following the culture optimization, the highest limonene production reached 117 µg/L, when the strain was cultured in a opt2 medium supplemented with 10 mM isoprenol under a light: dark regimen. This demonstrates that transgenic algae expressing the IUP represent an ideal chassis for the high-value terpenoid production. The IUP will facilitate further the metabolic and enzyme engineering to enhance the terpenoid titers by significantly reducing the number of enzyme steps required for an optimal biosynthesis.     

2种微藻总RNA提取方法的比较

以微茫藻和莱茵衣藻为材料,比较Trizol试剂法和SDS-LiCl沉淀法提取2种微藻总RNA的效果,以期筛选出适合微藻RNA的提取方法。结果表明,SDS-LiCl沉淀法能从微茫藻中提取高质量的RNA,而Trizol法和SDS-LiCl沉淀法均能从莱茵衣藻中获得高质量的RNA,但Trizol法更为简单有效。RT-PCR结果表明,SDS-LiCl沉淀法提取的微茫藻总RNA和Trizol法提取的莱茵衣藻总RNA都能直接用于分子克隆和基因表达分析等分子生物学实验。     

铜绿微囊藻与衣藻竞争能力的比较研究

[目的]研究不同营养条件下铜绿微囊藻和衣藻间的种群竞争关系。[方法]以Lotka-Volterra的双种竞争模型为基础,通过纯培养取得参数K和r,变模型的微分形式为差分形式,以生长拐点出现时间作为竞争参数的起始时间,经模拟计算获得2种藻间的竞争参数。[结果]在中、富、重富营养条件下,铜绿微囊藻竞争抑制能力要高于衣藻,而在基础培养条件（M-11培养液）中2种藻的竞争抑制能力相近。[结论]该研究为防控水华的暴发提供理论基础。