Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

基于改进的PSO进化神经计算进行苹果颜色快速分级

为克服在苹果颜色分级中存在的速度慢、误差大等缺点,基于再现群智能的粒子群进化算法和神经计算技术,提出了一种新颖、快速的智能分级方法,即首先通过计算机视觉技术获取苹果表面颜色的色度,并提取其特征;然后采用改进的带自适应惯性权值的粒子群优化算法训练神经网络结构,最后用训练好的神经网络进行苹果颜色分级。实际应用表明该方法切实可行且效果显著,不仅分级速度快,而且分级正确率高达98%以上。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

减氮配施有机肥对滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响

[目的]研究减氮条件下新疆滴灌小麦高产高效的调控途径,分析滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的调控效应,为新疆滴灌春小麦的高产优质栽培提供科学依据.[方法]设置不同减氮配施有机肥处理,采用裂区设计,氮素为主区,品种为副区;于2019年在田间滴灌条件下设置7种减氮配施有机肥水平(NCK、N5、N10、N15、N20、...     

Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

小麦淀粉峰值粘度的选择指标

淀粉是小麦籽粒的主要成分,对面制食品的加工品质有重要影响.糊化特性是淀粉最重要的品质指标[1,2],而峰值粘度是衡量糊化特性的主要参数,与面条品质呈显著或极显著正相关[3～10],与馒头体积、比容、结构和评分亦呈显著或极显著正相关[8,11].     

河南大尾寒羊体重生长特性的研究

应用VonBertalanffy、Gompertz、logistic、幂函数非线性生长模型对河南大尾寒羊的生长进行了拟合,Gom-pertz和logistic方程能很好地反映河南大尾寒羊的生长特点。本品种具有较好的早熟性;粗放的饲养管理可导致羔羊断奶后体增重急剧减慢;利用回归方程计算的母羊适宜初配日龄为211￣240d。     

营养限制对水貂补偿生长的影响

选取55只健康、体重相近的生长期水貂,随机分成5组,每组11只,进行了为期90d的试验。前50d饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮中的玉米粉分别用8．88％、17．77％、26．65％、35．53％的葡萄糖代替,同时添加适量的玉米蛋白粉制备成的5种等氮日粮。然后,各组均饲喂同样的鲜料。试验期间,每10d测1次体重,并记录,以研究营养限制对生长期水貂补偿生长的影响。试验结果表明：恢复常规饲喂后所有水貂体重都迅速增长,但是差异不显著（P〉0．05）。营养限制程度较重的第5组在补偿生长阶段体重增长较快,且超过限制程度较轻的组。在补偿生长后期,第Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的特定生长率较体重低的组显著下降（P〈0．05）。     

高寒牧区气候与营养因素对细毛羊体重影响的研究

在祁连山海拔3 000 m的高寒牧区进行了系统研究,初步探明了甘肃高山细毛羊在自然放牧条件下年内体重降升循环的临界期限。认为气温和放牧草地牧草数量和营养含量是影响细毛羊体重降升循环的主要因子,并对其与细毛羊体重之间的变化规律进行了研究。提出了高寒牧区细毛羊最佳的补饲期和出栏时期,为生产实践提供了理论依据。