基于K-means动态聚类的鸢乌贼角质颚模式识别

本研究采用K-means动态聚类算法,对2014—2019年间采集于西北印度洋、热带东太平洋、中国南海的鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)样本的角质颚进行识别。基于K-means动态聚类算法能够很好地区分来自3个海区的鸢乌贼,对数据进行z-score标准化后,任选2维角质颚形态学参数以曼哈顿距离和欧氏距离进行K-means动态聚类分析,总正确区分率分别为86.7%和88.7%。K-means动态聚类算法对于鸢乌贼角质颚的识别有很大的参考价值,后续改进优化K-means算法使其具有普适性,将会提高鸢乌贼种群的识别能力。     

富山武装乌贼个体发育期角质颚表型变化分析

角质颚作为头足类重要的硬组织,记录了其丰富的个体生长信息.在西北太平洋海域,富山武装乌贼(Enoploteuthis chunii)是众多海洋哺乳动物和鱼类的食饵,掌握角质颚的生长变化规律不仅有助于了解其个体发育期摄食生态的变化,还有助于进一步研究其在海洋生态系统中的地位和作用.根据2019年3月和9月于西太平洋海域采...     

雏鸡断喙角度对成鸡嘴形和体重的影响

雏鸡断喙时，刀片与喙的切角不同，成鸡期嘴形各异，体重及死亡淘汰率不一。研究结果显示，刀片与上喙呈８０‘角瞬间切下，烫１ｓ 止血，成鸡期嘴形最好，经济效益最高。     

利用角质颚研究头足类的年龄与生长

年龄与生长是渔业基础生物学研究的重要内容。体长频度法估算头足类的年龄并不可靠,然而利用硬组织来研究头足类的年龄和生长是最为有效的方法之一。角质颚作为头足类少数硬组织之一,具有结构稳定、耐腐蚀以及信息储存良好等特点而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。从角质颚的长度、角质颚生长纹的观察、初始纹的形成、生长纹周期性的证实以及日龄鉴定等方面综述了角质颚在头足类年龄和生长方面的研究进展。分析认为,尽管角质颚在头足类的年龄与生长的研究中已取得一定的进展,但是在利用生长纹鉴定年龄的方面还有所欠缺,较为成功仅为真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)和玛雅蛸(O.maya),缺乏对其他头足类种类的研究,需要在以后的研究过程中给予关注。     

智利外海茎柔鱼角质颚微结构及其年龄与生长研究

文章利用2010年4-6月智利外海采集的148尾茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)样品,分析了茎柔鱼角质颚微结构,并对其年龄和生长进行了研究。结果表明,茎柔鱼角质颚上颚喙部截面由头盖和脊突两部分向前延伸组合而成,周期性生长带明显,每条生长带由明、暗两条生长纹组成,头盖与脊突部的生长纹交汇于内轴成"<"形。标记轮与异常结构的形成与个体发育期的特殊事件以及外界的突发事件有关。根据角质颚生长纹估算茎柔鱼日龄,推测茎柔鱼样本孵化日期为2009年3-11月,主要为6-7月;胴长与角质颚日龄呈显著的幂函数关系,其中雌性茎柔鱼胴长的平均瞬时生长率(Instantaneous growth rate,IGR)和绝对生长率(Absolute daily growth rates,AGR)分别为0.14%·d^-1和0.60 mm·d^-1,雄性茎柔鱼胴长的平均IGR和AGR分别为0.11%·d^-1和0.47mm·d^-1。研究结果为柔鱼类年龄鉴定和生长估算提供了新方法,并为中国开展头足类相关研究奠定了基础。     

The relationship between paralarval feeding and morphological changes in the proboscis and beaks of the neon flying squid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ommastrephes bartramii</Emphasis>

We compared the diet of Ommastrephes bartramii paralarvae with morphological changes in their beaks and proboscis (fused tentacles). The paralarvae were collected north of the Hawaiian Islands during 2001 and 2002 and ranged in mantle length (ML) from 1.1 to 13.2 mm. They fed on crustaceans, including copepods (copepodite stage) and amphipods. The rostral tips of upper and lower beaks began to protrude anteriorly at around 3–4 mm ML, and the smallest paralarva with identifiable prey in its digestive tract was 4.2 mm ML, which suggests that the paralarvae can masticate prey soon after the beaks protrude. The proboscis separated into two tentacles at 9.3–13.2 mm ML, but the newly formed tentacles were weakly developed even in the largest specimen, suggesting that tentacles do not operate functionally and that the arms are used to capture prey.     

基于几何形态测量法的剑尖枪乌贼角质颚形态变化研究

研究生物体的个体发育有助于充分认识其个体形态变化规律,从而了解生物体结构的功能性与形态间的相关关系。为探究剑尖枪乌贼(Uroteuthis edulis)角质颚的生长变化规律,本研究使用几何形态测量学方法分析了不同性别及发育阶段角质颚大小和形态的差异,并揭示其背后的生态含义。结果显示,剑尖枪乌贼不同性别个体的角质颚大小在发育过程中存在一定差异,雌性个体角质颚大于雄性个体,但不同性别角质颚形态差异不显著(P>0.05)。主成分分析和薄板样条变形网格显示,角质颚形态由未成熟至成熟期呈渐变规律。在发育过程中,上、下颚的头盖和翼部变得更大,脊突更加凸出,颚角夹角逐渐变小;上颚喙部更加尖锐,但下颚喙部逐渐变得迟钝。多元回归分析显示,上颚在未成熟期形态变化较小,在亚成熟期和成熟期变化较大,亚成熟期和成熟期形态变化趋势相似;下颚在未成熟期和亚成熟期形态变化较大,成熟期形态变化较小,发育过程中形态变化趋势差异较大。研究表明,剑尖枪乌贼在发育过程中,角质颚形态随着其个体不断发育呈渐变规律,同时,角质颚存在异速生长现象,可能与剑尖枪乌贼发育过程中的摄食和环境变化有关。     

The influence of different beak trimming age on performance, H-L ratio and antibody production to SRBC in laying hens

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of beak trimming age on performance criteria, H-L ratio, antibody production, the percentage of spleen and liver and external appearance. The chicks (Barred Rock) were randomly divided into 4 beak-trimming groups (non-trimmed (control), a trim at 1 d (1D), at 10 d (10D) and at 10 wk (10W)), each of 132 chicks. There were 6 replicate cages at beak trimming groups at rearing period. At 18 wk of age a total of 144 pullets were transferred to the layer house, and the pullets were housed at 323 and 646 cm²/hen with 8 and 4 birds per cage in three-deck layer cages. There were a total of 24 replications with 12 replications equally divided between the high and low density cages, and the beak trimmed treatments were randomly and equally divided within each density. As a result of this experiment differences among groups in body weight in rearing phase were disappear in the laying phase. Low feather condition was found in untrimmed hens. H-L ratio in both pullet and laying phase was higher in hens of untrimmed groups. Cage area affected all examined parameters except that body weight, mortality rate, cracked, broken and unshell egg rates, shell breaking, shape index, shell thickness, meat-blood spot rates, spleen and liver percentages, throat injures and antibody production to SRBC.     

断喙对肉鸭啄羽及其生产性能的影响

选择200只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分成试验和对照两组,每组100只。试验组于14日龄断喙,对照组正常饲养,观察肉鸭在饲养过程中啄羽情况,测量试验鸭增重、料肉比、死亡率等指标,结果表明肉鸭断喙能有效防止啄羽,提高生产性能,减少死亡率,试验组比对照组每只多增重175g,料肉比低0.3,死亡率降低6%,经济效益显著。