Genetic analyses of resistance of the wheat differential cultivars Carstens V and Spaldings Prolific to two races of Puccinia striiformis

Genetic analysis of resistance of wheat seedlings to two races of Puccinia striiformis was conducted on F₁, F₂ and F₃ generations from crosses Carstens V (CV) × Lee, Spaldings Prolific (SPA) × Lee and CV × SPA. F₂ generations from crosses of CV and SPA with Strubes Dickkopf (SD) were also studied. The plants were classified into six resistance classes and analysed by factorial correspondence analysis and nonhierarchical classification. The two P. striiformis isolates tested were a French isolate of race 43E138 and a Lebanese isolate of race 2E16, selected for the differences in their virulence spectra for the common differential cultivars Strubes Dickkopf and Nord Desprez. Resistance of CV and SPA was recessive and dominant to races 43E138 and 2E16, respectively. CV possessed three or four resistance genes, one of them being expressed with both races. Two genes of CV had a cumulative effect for resistance to 43E138 and two or three gave dominant resistance to 2E16. SPA had three resistance genes, all of which gave resistance to 2E16 and two of which also gave resistance to 43E138. SPA had one gene in common with CV for resistance to both races. Furthermore, the gene for resistance to race 2E16 in CV and SPA was allelic with a gene in SD, and was probably Yr25 .     

中日水稻品种的食味比较

近年来日本稻米品质和食味研究取得了举世瞩目的成就。在中国,由于经济快速发展,稻米食味研究逐渐展开,为了给中国优质食味品种选育提供理论依据,从1998年开始对中日品种进行食味比较研究,以食味理化特性及品尝鉴定试验研究结果为依据,分析了中国水稻品种食味特性,即低直链淀粉含量和低蛋白质含量兼备的品种很少,结果导致食味品尝试验各项目的平衡性不好,综合评价不如日本优良食味品种。     

南宁市冬种番茄引进品种比较试验

对9个番茄新品种的比较试验结果表明：综合性状最好的品种是万利达,其次是美国63和英雄2号。这三个品种表现为产量高、耐寒、抗病性强,果实美观坚硬、耐贮运,商品性好,具有很强的市场竞争力,适合在南宁地区推广种植。     

烤烟品种中川208和湘烟7号在攀枝花烟区的适应性研究初报

以云烟87为对照,通过中川208、湘烟7号在攀枝花烟区的适应性比较试验表明：1.中川208、湘烟7号品种较云烟87还苗快,长势强,生长迅速,下部叶发育充分,整体表现较好。2.中川208、湘烟7号的农艺性状、经济性状、抗病性表现总体优于云烟87,单湘烟7号品种需要在生产中进一步研究栽培技术措施以提升烟叶化学品质。3.中川208、湘烟7号可适当扩大试种面积,进一步深入研究其在攀枝花烟区的生态适应性。     

海南优质稻米的品质研究[①]

随着现代人们生活水平的提高,稻米消费的需求也正在发生改变。三亚市南繁科学技术研究院连续承办两届“海南好米”活动,从海南征集稻米品种,活动涵盖了海南省推广的绝大部分优质稻米。本实验通过检测“海南好米”评选活动中得分较高的水稻品种米质,并与在全国优质稻米品质评选活动中获奖的水稻品种米质进行比较,分析了海南地区优质水稻品种米质的特点及未来可能的改良方向。结果表明：海南省籼稻米粒型以长型为主,大小形状较为理想。但外观品质较差,主要表现在稻米的垩白粒率、垩白度和裂纹率偏大。胶稠度大多为中软胶稠度,碱消值多数处于中高级。中、低直链淀粉含量品种居多,蒸煮品质总体较理想。今后海南籼稻品质改良目标应该放在减小垩白粒率、垩白度和裂纹率的等外观品质上,从而提高海南地区优质水稻的商品价值。     

不同烤烟品种烟叶质量对比分析研究

采用田间随机区组试验设计方法结合数学统计分析方法,研究“云烟97”、“云烟121”、“秦烟96”、“NC71”4个烤烟品种烟叶产质量。结果表明：云烟121烟株农艺性状、烟叶外观质量、烟叶化学成分含量最好;4个烤烟品种各等级烟叶总氮含量偏低,总糖、还原糖含量均偏高,烟碱、氯、钾均在优质烟叶适宜范围。     

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.     

不同沙棘品种在定西的生长情况对比分析

通过对引进的7个沙棘品种的种子育苗及成苗定植，并对成活率、保存率、生长情况进行了观测，初步分析了引进的各沙棘品种类型在定西的适应性。     

栽植密度对甜樱桃光合特性、产量和果实品质的影响

本研究以四川汉源地区的甜樱桃新品种‘拉宾斯’为试材,对比分析了不同栽植密度（3.5m?.0m、4.0m?.5m和4.0m?.0m）下甜樱桃光合特性、产量和品质的差异。研究结果表明,4.0m?.5m栽植密度下,甜樱桃‘拉宾斯’光合能力、产量和果实品质表现最优,4.0m?.0m次之,3.5m?.0m最弱。该研究结果为甜樱桃新品种‘拉宾斯’在当地的推广提供了理论依据。     

不同授粉品种对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓着果率与果实性状的影响

以‘天赐五号’、‘天赐八号’、‘蓝金’和‘奥尼尔’等4个蓝莓品种作为授粉品种,对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓进行异花授粉,以‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓自花授粉为对照,研究了不同授粉品种对着果率、果实品质和果实外观性状的影响,以期为‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓生产栽培选择适宜授粉树提供科学依据。研究结果表明：4个授粉品种与‘灿烂’间都具良好的亲和性,对着果率、可溶性固形物含量、花色苷、总酸含量、单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数、萼洼、果蒂、萼片、果形和果梗分离等性状均有显著影响。虽然‘天赐八号’授粉后着果率显著低于‘天赐五号’、‘蓝金’,但其着果率仍可以达到70%以上,同时其可溶性固形物含量、花色苷、总酸含量、单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数等亦显著优于其他授粉品种,这表明‘天赐八号’为‘灿烂’最佳授粉搭配品种。