MK-239(tebufenpyrad)在苹果和土壤中的残留动态研究

用带氮磷检测器的气相色谱仪测定了 MK-239(tebufenpyrad)在苹果和土壤中的残留及消解动态。两年两地的试验结果表明,MK-239在苹果和土壤中的消解相当慢,MK-239在苹果和土壤中的半衰期在北京为7.6 d 和18.1 d,山东为8.9 d 和16.7 d。在整个苹果生长期,使用 MK-239 50 mg·kg~(-1)喷雾2次、3次,最后1次施药距采收间隔期为28～59 d,MK-239在苹果中的残留量低于最大残留限量。     

Incidence and inheritance of resistance to METI-acaricides in European strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

A strain of Tetranychus urticae (Koch; Acari: Tetranychidae), collected from hops (Humulus humuli L; Cannabaceae) in England with a short history of tebufenpyrad use, exhibited resistance to four METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)-acaricides; tebufenpyrad, pyridaben, fenazaquin and fenpyroximate. Resistance factors for these compounds in a microimmersion assay were 46, 346, 168 and 77 respectively, and corresponded to those exhibited by a Japanese METI-acaricide-resistant reference strain. Levels of resistance remained stable without further selection, and selection with tebufenpyrad did not increase them. The UK strain was also resistant (c 6-fold) to bifenthrin. Crosses of homozygous, diploid females with hemizygous, haploid males showed that, in the UK strain, METI-acaricide resistance was paternally and maternally inherited, and was an incompletely dominant trait. Another tebufenpyrad-resistant strain from the UK, originating from a chrysanthemum nursery (Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum Giseke; Asteraceae) was collected eight months later at a site c 210 km distant from the first. These are the first published incidences of METI-acaricide resistance in Europe and implications for the future use of these compounds are discussed.     

3种杀螨剂对顶孢霉菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性的影响

研究了螺螨酯、噻嗪酮和吡螨胺在不同浓度下处理对顶孢霉胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶活力的影响。结果表明,螺螨酯各浓度处理对顶孢霉胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性均无影响,噻嗪酮高浓度处理顶孢霉在培养的前4 d对胞外蛋白酶活性有轻微的抑制作用,随培养时间延长,抑制作用不明显;而低浓度处理下,即在1.25 mg/L浓度下培养7 d,其酶活力是第1天的3.97倍,对顶孢霉胞外蛋白酶活性有刺激作用。吡螨胺对顶孢霉胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性有抑制,且随浓度增高和培养时间延长抑制作用越明显。     

吡螨胺和哒螨灵亚致死剂量对截形叶螨的亚致死效应

通过吡螨胺（tebufenpyrad）和哒螨灵（pyridaben）的亚致死剂量处理截形叶螨（Tetranychustruncatus Ehara）成螨和螨卵,研究了两药剂对实验种群的亚致死效应。结果表明：吡螨胺和哒螨灵处理后当代成螨的每雌日均产卵量均有不同程度的降低,日平均产卵量、卵孵化率均低于对照; F1的卵期、幼螨期、若螨期延长显著,净增殖率低于对照、内禀增长率和周限增长率与对照差异不大。两药剂处理卵后,卵期、幼螨期、若螨期延长,净增殖率低于对照。吡螨胺和哒螨灵的亚致死剂量处理截形叶螨成螨和螨卵都无刺激增殖的作用,能延缓种群的发育速度。