绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构观察

采用冰冻切片、组织学染色及扫描电镜的方法对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)鱼皮组织结构进行研究。结果显示,绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮由表皮层、鳞片层、真皮层和皮下组织层构成,并据此绘制绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构模式图。表皮层由上皮细胞和基底细胞组成,其厚度为(26.81±7.48) μm;鳞片层由锥状骨质凸起和基板组成,基板厚度为(22.49±5.19) μm,基板上不均匀地分布2~4行直径大小不一、顶端弯曲程度不同、高度为(257.13±10.41) μm的锥状骨质凸起;真皮层厚度为中部>头部>尾部,平均厚度为(176.97±21.11) μm,主要由胶原纤维构成;皮下组织层主要由胶原纤维和非纤维间质构成。本研究可为开发利用绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮资源提供基础资料。     

美国车厘子组织培养试验

采用美国思加图车厘子室内盆栽萌发的嫩芽和老芽作为外植体,分析不同处理时间对车厘子外植体萌芽效果的影响;采用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对其进行诱导增殖和生根培养,筛选最佳组培方法。结果表明：嫩芽是车厘子外植体的最佳选择,通过7 s酒精和0.1%升汞9 min消毒获得无菌体,污染率低、褐化率较低、萌芽率60%。芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数为3.92。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.6 mg/L,生根率为100%。移栽炼苗基质比例为V（腐殖土）∶V（红土）=4∶6,盖膜驯化,保湿温度（25±2）℃,湿度80%,成活率达90%以上。     

扬子鳄胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的发生

本文观察了１６例不同时间的扬子鳄（Ａｌｌｉｇａｔｏｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的形态及组织发生过程。孵化第２０天，来自胚胎中胚层生皮节的间充质细胞开始向原始表皮下迁移，表皮仅具周皮层与生发层两层细胞。第２８天背部鳞片开始明显，左右鳞片之间出现很浅的鳞间沟，前后鳞片交界处的原始表皮、真皮层开始向外突出形成鳞甲原基。第３４天鳞甲原基突出伸长，第４０天背鳞的纵崤明显。第３４～５０天中，鳞甲后缘基部的表皮层向鳞甲前缘基部的真皮层不断内陷，鳞甲显著伸长并向体后方水平伸出。背部表皮在孵化第３４天出现三层细胞，第４０天周皮细胞中开始出现色素沉集。第５０天表皮具四层细胞，周皮层细胞中出现大量色素沉集。第６０天表皮分层与成体时相似，周皮层已退化。孵化第３４天真皮层细胞形态出现多样化，第４０天真皮可分上、下两层。第５０天真皮上层中形成交织的胶原纤维网，下层中形成平行走向的胶原纤维。本文简要讨论了扬子鳄鳞甲的形态发生特点。     

岷县黑裘皮羊肾组织成纤维细胞系的建立及其生物学特性研究

采集岷县黑裘皮羊肾组织,用胰蛋白酶热消化法制备原代细胞,通过差速消化和差速贴壁法进行继代培养和细胞纯化,并对复苏细胞的形态、活力、生长曲线、荧光蛋白质粒转染表达、核型以及乳酸脱氢酶同工酶等生物学特性进行了分析。结果显示:原代和传代细胞生长形态均好,群体倍增时间为28.3 h;染色体2 n=54,二倍体占主体(84%)乳酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱有明显特征,未见LDH4、LDH5谱带,与其它羊有明显区别;外源性荧光蛋白转染质粒在该细胞中能进行复制和表达;细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体检测呈阴性。表明该研究已成功建立岷县黑裘皮羊肾组织成纤维细胞系,为在细胞水平上保存岷县黑裘皮羊种质资源以及进行相关研究提供了理想的生物材料。     

Cephalosporins – pharmacological basis of clinical use in veterinary dermatology

Cephalosporins form a large group of β-lactam antibiotics which are used extensively in human medicine and to a lesser extent in domestic animals. In veterinary dermatology, the principle use for the cephalosporins is the clinical management of canine pyoderma associated with Staphylococcus intermedius . In practice, the use of orally administered first generation cephalosporin drugs to affected dogs is well tolerated and highly efficacious. Bacterial drug resistance appears to occur rarely.     

Spongiotic vesicular dermatitis as a cutaneous reaction pattern in seven horses

Over a 6-year period seven adult horses of different breeds and genders developed multifocal, exudative, oozing dermatitis characterized histologically by epidermal spongiotic vesicles and perivascular eosinophilic, neutrophilic and mixed mononuclear inflammation. Three horses were pruritic. Systemic disease was not noted. Two horses had a history of recurrent urticaria (hives) and one horse had nodules or welt-type lesions that progressed to exudative, oozing lesions. Interepithelial immunoglobulin (Ig)G was detected by avidin-biotin complex-peroxidase staining, but the pattern of staining was more consistent with epithelial oedema than specific IgG deposition associated with pemphigus. The exudative oozing lesions developed under circumstances suggesting that dermal oedema progressed to intracellular and intercellular epidermal oedema, which in turn progressed to the spongiotic vesicular epidermal lesions.     

Clinical use of a ceramide-based moisturizer for treating dogs with atopic dermatitis

In humans, skin barrier dysfunction is thought to be responsible for enhanced penetration of allergens. Similar to conditions seen in humans, canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is characterized by derangement of corneocytes and disorganization of intercellular lipids in the stratum corenum (SC) with decreased ceramide levels. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a moisturizer containing ceramide on dogs with CAD. Dogs (n = 20, 3~8 years old) with mild to moderate clinical signs were recruited and applied a moisturizer containing ceramide for 4 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, pruritus index for canine atopic dermatitis (PICAD) scores, and canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI) scores of all dogs were evaluated. Skin samples from five dogs were also examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using ruthenium tetroxide. TEWL, PICAD, and CADESI values decreased (p < 0.05) and skin hydration increased dramatically over time (p < 0.05). Electron micrographs showed that the skin barrier of all five dogs was partially restored (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that moisturizer containing ceramide was effective for treating skin barrier dysfunction and CAD symptoms.     

短流程兔皮鞣制技术初探

针对兔皮生产周期长的特点,在传统兔皮鞣制技术的基础上,在脱脂工段加入适量的脱脂酶,将脱脂时间从原来的1h延长至8h,在跳过软化工序进行短时间浸酸后,次日进行铬鞣。结果表明,除能有效缩短加工时间、简化加工工艺外,该工艺加工的兔皮皮板柔软丰满,手感良好,收缩温度在99℃左右,证明这种短流程的兔皮鞣制工艺具有可行性。     

多浆旱生植物霸王高频组培再生体系的建立

本研究以多浆旱生植物霸王为材料,通过对不同激素组合和外植体(子叶、茎、茎节、下胚轴)的研究,建立了一个稳定、高效的霸王组培再生体系。结果表明,霸王子叶是诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体,茎节是诱导不定芽的最适外植体;最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基是含有0.1mg/L6-BA和1.0mg/LNAA的MS,子叶在此培养基上愈伤组织诱导率为100%,诱导时间为20d,优于已报道的30d;霸王茎节不定芽诱导的最适培养基为附加1.5mg/L6-BA和0.5mg/LNAA的MS,诱导率高达82.5%,诱导时间为7周,优于已报道的10周;诱导生根的最佳培养基为含1.0mg/LNAA和0.5mg/LIBA的1/2MS,生根率高达86.7%,比已报道的73.3%的生根率提高了13.4%,且在此培养基上13d开始出现不定根,早于已报道的20d;本试验从诱导愈伤组织到再生苗成株需(84±4)d。