硝酸银在水稻农杆菌转化中的作用

以籼稻、粳稻两种类型的成熟种子为外植体研究了不同浓度的AgNO3在水稻农杆菌转化中的作用。结果表明，在农杆菌转化前添加AgNO3可以提高愈伤组织诱导率，最适浓度为8～10mg／L，但对愈伤组织的分化没有明显促进作用；转化后添加低浓度的AgNO3可以减轻愈伤组织的褐化，提高抗性愈伤率和绿苗分化率，最适浓度为2-8mg／L。同时发现，无论是转化前还是转化后，添加高浓度的AgNO3对水稻愈伤组织的分化均具有毒害作用。     

银皖鲫生物学的初步研究

银皖鲫是以方正银鲫作母本，草鱼作父本，进行远缘杂交培育的新型鲫鱼品种，具有适应性强、生长快、食性广、易饲养、耐低氧、抗病力强等特点，是池塘养殖的优良品种。     

Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani in soils by bioassay

The sensitivity of a bioassay in detecting soil inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani was examined using potato minitubers and microplants. Tests were conducted on soils which were collected from fields in which the interval after a previous potato crop differed, and which were also artificially infested with conidia or microsclerotia. For C. coccodes , determining plant infection based on the occurrence of infected roots after 9–12 weeks was a sensitive method for detecting and quantifying the amount of inoculum in soil. Infestations of less than 0·4 microsclerotia per g soil were detected in artificially infested soils. A semiselective medium, developed for isolating C. gloeosporioides from pepper, detected soil infestations by C. coccodes as low as nine conidia or one microsclerotium per g soil in artificially infested soil. For H. solani , infection on minitubers was a sensitive measure, with soil inoculum of fewer than 10 conidia per g soil being detected. Soil infestation could be quantified by assessing the percentage surface area of minitubers covered by sporulating lesions, which was strongly related to the amount of soil infestation. The results of these bioassay tests were compared with published results for real-time quantitative PCR assays on the same soils. The two methods were in good agreement in artificially infested soils, but the bioassay appeared to be more sensitive with naturally infested soils.     

纳米微粒材料生物学活性研究进展

综述了纳米微粒的生物学效应及其免疫调节、抗菌、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性.     

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality,immune response,zinc retention,and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on the performance, egg quality, Zn retention, immunity responses, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), egg malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum parameters in laying hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 laying hens at 64 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates, and 12 birds within each group. Experimental diets included a corn‐soybean meal‐based diet (without Zn supplementation) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of Zn‐oxide, ZnO‐NPs, and Zn‐methionine. The results indicated that egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the Zn‐methionine and ZnO‐NPs groups (p < .05). Also, eggshell thickness and shell strength increased in the ZnO‐NPs group as compared with the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased egg loss (p < .05). There were significant differences among treatments in Zn deposition in tibiotarsus, liver, pancreas, eggs, and excreta (p < .01). Antibody titre, heterophil (%(, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were significantly higher in birds fed with Zn‐supplemented diets (p < .05). In treatments supplemented with ZnO‐NPs and Zn‐methionine, the SOD activity in the liver, pancreas, and plasma was greater as compared with the other treatments (p < .05). The MDA content in eggs was significantly reduced in groups supplemented with Zn (p < .01). Moreover, dietary Zn supplementation significantly affected serum total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and Zn level (p < .05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with ZnO‐NPs can improve the performance of laying hens. Therefore, ZnO‐NPs can enhance zinc absorption in the intestine of aged layers and can be a more suitable source of zinc than regular Zn‐oxide in diets.     

Inhibitory effect of AuNPs-Endostar on melanoma lung metastasis in mice

AIM: To observe the influence of gold nanoparticles combined with Endostar (AuNPs-Endostar) on the melanoma lung metastasis of mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice (n=24) were selected for constructing the model of spontaneous lung metastasis of melanoma B16-F10 cells. Subsequently, the mice were randomly divided into Endostar group, AuNPs group, AuNPs-Endostar group and model group. After the formation of melanoma, the mice in each group were injected with different drugs through tail vein for 0.1 mL daily. After 9 d, the mice were narcotized for cutting the tumors in situ. After the operation, they were raised for 2 weeks before killed for obtaining the lung tissues to observe the situation of the metastasis. HE staining was utilized for observing the necrosis status of the tumors in situ, while immunostaining was applied for testing the expression of CD31, carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), vimentin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the tumors. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the pulmonary metastasis in the groups with medical treatment was obviously reduced. In AuNPs-Endostar group, the metastasis inhibition rate was the highest, and the tumor necrosis was also decreased obviously, with the significant reduction of CD31, CA-IX and vimentin expression in the tumors and significant increase in ZO-1 expression. CONCLUSION: Compared with using Endostar or AuNPs alone, the combination of AuNPs with Endostar significantly improves the curative effect of inhibiting the pulmonary metastasis of melanoma in the mice. The mechanism may be related to reducing the tumor angiogenesis, norma-lizing the blood vessels and improving tumor hypoxia, thus inhibiting the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increasing the tight junctions between tumor cells and decreasing the invasiveness.     

SiO2纳米颗粒对黄瓜“新唐山秋瓜”幼苗根系 解剖结构和气体交换的影响

硅是地壳内含量第二丰富的元素。近年来,人们开始探索硅的纳米材料在农业领域的运用。为更好地将二氧化硅纳米颗粒应用于园艺植物生产,以黄瓜栽培品种新唐山秋瓜(Cucumissativuscv."QiuguaofNew Tangshan")为材料,采用盆栽的方式研究不同施入量下(0、5、10和20m L)浓度为30%的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜根系解剖结构、根毛形成、黄瓜叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及气体交换的影响。结果表明,二氧化硅纳米颗粒对黄瓜的根系解剖结构并没有显著的影响,但对根毛形成的影响较大,在每盆20m L二氧化硅溶液条件下的根毛密度最高。施入不同量的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜叶片光合色素含量均有提高但并不明显,且在较低施入浓度下,光合作用机制得到一定的提高。黄瓜叶片的净光合速率随着二氧化硅施入量的增加逐渐增加,但施入量对蒸腾速率的影响不明显。综上,二氧化硅纳米颗粒通过促进根毛形成以及提高净光合速率能够提高植物的生长机理,进而促进植物生长和产量的提高,将其运用于农业生产及园艺作物生产上具有广阔前景。     

农田水样中微囊藻毒素-LR拉曼检测方法的研究

本研究建立了基于表面增强拉曼散射技术(Surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)的农田水样中微囊藻毒素-LR(Microcystin-LR,MC-LR)的检测方法。采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备金种(Au nanoparticles,Au NPs),通过媒介增长法制备了刺状金纳米颗粒(Spiny gold nanoparticles,SGNPs),使用紫外-可见吸收光谱(Ultraviolet visible,UV-vis)、透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)和探针分子(对巯基苯甲酸,4-mercaptobenzoic acid,4-MBA)对SGNPs进行了表征及鉴定。研究以三角状金纳米颗粒作为基底,选择MC-LR在1 007 cm~(-1)和1 309 cm~(-1)处的特征峰作为定量峰,激光器激发波长为785 nm,积分时间20 s,建立检测方法。本研究建立的检测方法在1.0～100 000μg·L~(-1)的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,检测限(LOD)和回收率分别为1.0μg·L~(-1)和80%～102%,使用本方法对镇江市内运粮河及古运河的灌溉水样进行检测,MC-LR的检出率为40%,含量最高达1.81μg·L~(-1),检测结果与LC-MS/MS比对,相关系数为0.84。本研究建立的方法快速准确,前处理简单,能满足农田水样中MC-LR的现场快速检测的要求。     

Nutritional significance of amino acids,vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

Nutraceuticals have gained immense importance in poultry science recently considering the nutritional and beneficial health effects of their constituents. Besides providing nutritional requirements to birds, nutraceuticals have beneficial pharmacological effects, for example, they help in establishing normal physiological health status, prevent diseases and thereby improve production performance. Nutraceuticals include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. which are important for preventing oxidative stress, regulating the immune response and maintaining normal physiological, biochemical and homeostatic mechanisms. Nutraceuticals help in supplying nutrients in balanced amounts for supporting the optimal growth performance in modern poultry flocks, and as a dietary supplement can reduce the use of antibiotics. The application of antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug residues; therefore, they have been restricted in many countries. Thus, there is a demand for natural feed additives that lead to the same growth enhancement without affecting the health. Nutraceuticals substances have an essential role in the development of the animals’ normal physiological functions and in protecting them against infectious diseases. In this review, the uses of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as well as their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of immune system are discussed.     

Recovery of sperms bearing X chromosomes with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles in ram

Pre-conceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa are isolated before oocyte fertilization. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been used to determine X and Y chromosomes bearing spermatozoa as a result of searching for a cheap, highly efficient method using non-toxic materials. This study aimed to recover the sperm bearing X chromosomes in ram with different concentrations of MNP and then evaluate the success of this method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ram sperms were divided into four groups, treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml MNP, respectively. MNP was used to restore sperm cells bearing X chromosomes. Upon recovery, the PCR was performed to identify the X and Y sperms, Methyl ThiazoleTetrazolium (MTT), to assess MNP toxicity and sperm viability and acridine orange (AO) to evaluate sperm DNA integrity. The results of PCR revealed that the treatment of spermatozoa- bearing X chromosomes with 50 μg/ml MNP had the highest effects on the recovery of X sperm rather than the other concentrations of MNP. However, the concentrations of MNP did not have any toxic effects on spermatozoa, sperm viability and, DNA integrity, but the high concentration of MNP (200 μg/ml) significantly reduced DNA integrity. According to MTT and AO results, the concentrations of MNP used in this study had no toxic effects on spermatozoa and did not reduce the sperm viability and DNA integrity, except that 200 μg/ml MNP significantly reduced DNA integrity.