饥饿、季节及性别对大鲵肌肉、肝脏生化成分的影响

季节会影响到大鲵肌肉的脂肪及钙的含量,肝脏的脂肪、钙及游离氨基酸的含量,饥饿对肌肉的酸化成分不产生影响,但饥饿程度的增加,会对肝脏脂肪无氮浸出物及游离氨基酸产生影响;繁殖前雌性大鲵的肌肉肝脏的肪肪含量均高于雄性的。     

水牛牛巴贝斯虫体外培养的研究：Ⅱ.冷冻血清的应用和筛选

应用冷冻血清对１株采自自然感染的水牛牛巴贝斯虫进行了长达７２ｄ的体外连续培养，共继代２０次，培养７２ｈ红细胞染虫率最高达１４．１％，平均为８％～１０％。培养２０ｄ和３０ｄ的牛巴贝斯虫经液氮保存复苏后，接种于去脾水牛犊均引发了严重的牛巴贝斯虫病，从而说明已建立了水牛牛巴贝斯虫的体外连续培养，且经培养后的牛巴贝斯虫致病力没有改变。本试验利用６头份的冷冻健康水牛血清同时进行培养，结果发现，并非所有的健康水牛血清均适合于体外培养牛巴贝斯虫。这一发现对建立水牛牛巴贝斯虫的体外培养和研究水牛牛巴贝斯虫病均具有重要意义     

Pathogenic mechanisms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

Goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) show chronic arthritis and cachexia, which are progressive in nature. The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for these progressive clinical symptoms have not been fully elucidated. Various haematological and immunological parameters were evaluated in experimentally-infected goats showing typical signs of CAEV-induced disease. Infected goats showed recurrent lymphocytosis that may be due to constant presentation of antigen by infected cells of a monocyte/macrophage lineage. The serum alkaline phosphatase and -glutamyl transferase concentrations were elevated in infected goats, a characteristic of hepatic and bone disorders. All other serum chemistry parameters were similar between infected and control goats. Importantly, the serum tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) levels were higher in infected goats. The cachexia seen in infected goats may be at least partly due to altered metabolism as a result of prolonged elevation of serum TNF- levels. Depressed natural killer cell activity was observed in infected goats and may contribute towards the establishment of a persistent infection with CAEV.Abbreviations AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - CAEV caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus - GGT -glutamyl transferase - HBSS Hanks' balanced salt solution - HIV human immunodeficiency virus - NK natural killer - PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PCR polymerase chain reaction - SAP serum alkaline phosphatase - TNF tumour necrosis factor     

An improved ferritin assay for canine sera

An improved serum ferritin assay for canine serum has been developed. It uses two monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich arrangement. Serum ferritin can be determined on undiluted canine sera with this assay. The recovery of ferritin added to canine serum ranged from 98 to 106%, the within-assay coefficient of variability was 3.3 to 4.5%, and the assay-to-assay variability was 9.8 to 10.2%. Serum ferritin from 61 apparently healthy dogs had a geometric mean of 252 ng/ml, with a range of 80 ng/ml to 800 ng/ml.     

隐性白羽肉鸡及其配套地方鸡部分血液生化指标的测定

本试验测定了我校最新育成的隐性白羽肉鸡快慢羽系父系、母系及其配套地方鸡广西黄鸡和文昌鸡主要的血液生化指标。结果表明,四个品系血清总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、胆固醇、Ca含量接近,血清P、K、Na含量A系最高,显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于其它三系,各品系内公母之间母鸡的血Ca均极显著(P<0.01)高于公鸡。血清淀粉酶(AMY)活力和肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)活力B系极显著(P<0.01)高于其它三系,血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力品系间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

猪附红细胞体生物学特性的研究

采取新鲜血液压片相衬观察和末梢血液涂片染色镜检法,对河南省新乡地区3000头猪附红细胞体病发病情况进行了调查;并且对体温升高、镜检附红细胞体感染强度为 病猪的血液,分别用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜进行形态观察和血液生化指标检测.结果表明:猪附红细胞体病的发病率为46.33%,死亡率为13.88%,隐性感染率为55.93%(755/1350).在光学显微镜下观察,红细胞呈现菠萝样;染色血片观察附红体在红细胞表面及边缘呈各种形式排列,可见强折光性发亮的圆形小体;扫描电子显微镜观察.附红体寄生的红细胞凹陷区,有大、小球体,有的小球体与大球体相连.血清胆红素、白蛋白、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶增加,血糖、血清总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降.     

上海水牛生理生化指标的测定和分析

为研究上海水牛生理生化指标含量,选取精神良好、健康的上海水牛犊牛(1岁内)、青年牛(1-2岁)、成年牛(3岁以上),测定了生理指标、血液生理生化指标含量。结果显示,上海水牛的体重随月龄的增加显著增加(P＜0.05),而呼吸频率、心率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。在检测的22项血液生理指标含量中,有10项指标(平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、淋巴细胞百分比(%LYM)、单核细胞百分比(%MONO)、中性粒细胞百分比(%NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(%EOS)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、单核细胞(MONO))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余12项指标(红细胞(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、网织红细胞百分比(%RETIC)、网织红细胞(RETIC)、白细胞(WBC)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(%BASO)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞(BASO)、血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在检测的18项血液生化指标含量中,有9项指标(血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、磷离子(PHOS)、钙离子(Ca)、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLOB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHOL)、胰淀粉酶(AMYL))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余9项指标(尿素(UREA)、血尿素氮/肌酐比(BUN/CREA)、白蛋白(ALB)、白蛋白/球蛋白比(ALB/GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALKP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、甘油三酯(TRIG)、脂肪酶(LIPA))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。该研究可为上海水牛的选种选育、生长发育评估、营养状况评估、疾病诊断等提供参考。     

PEG模拟水分胁迫对桑种萌发及抗性生理生化指标的影响

以“桂优62号”桑种为材料,在不同浓度高分子量的聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟的水分胁迫条件下,以摇床培养方法对其进行萌发培养。测定不同浓度PEG溶液（30％、25％、20％和双蒸水）中萌发种子的相关抗性生化指标,实验结果经统计分析表明,当PEG浓度为30％时,萌发种子中的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量均极显著地高于CK（双蒸水）,说明在高浓度PEG溶液处理下能够萌发的种子具有较强的抗水分胁迫的能力,可以作为桑树抗旱育种的选择依据之一。     

玉米-豆粕日粮添加溶菌酶对肉仔鸡生长性能、代谢及免疫指标的影响

本文研究了溶菌酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫指标的影响.采用单因子试验设计,选用体重相近1日龄从肉仔鸡320羽,随机分成5组,每组64羽,4个重复,每个重复16羽(公母各1/2).以玉米-豆粕配制基础日粮,Ⅰ为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ分别饲喂基础日粮加不同剂量(添加量分别为0.3、0.4、0.5和0.6 g/kg)的溶菌酶,试验期42 d.结果表明:添加溶菌酶可降低肉仔鸡采食量、料重比,提高日增重.Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比,全期(0～6周)Ⅳ组日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);提高了肉仔鸡免疫指标,前期(0～3周)及后期(4～6周),Ⅳ组的胸腺相对重量较Ⅰ组显著增加(P<0.05);Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的法氏囊相对重量较Ⅰ组显著增加(P<0.05);21日龄时,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清总蛋白含量较Ⅰ组均显著提高(P<0.05);42日龄时,Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清球蛋白含量、血清抗体IgG的含量较Ⅰ组显著提高(P<0.05).结果提示:饲料中添加适量溶菌酶后,肉仔鸡能量、养分表观代谢率和免疫指标均有提高的趋势.     

An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes

There is often need to measure aggregation levels of spatial patterns within a single map class in landscape ecological studies. The contagion index (CI), shape index (SI), and probability of adjacency of the same class (Qi), all have certain limits when measuring aggregation of spatial patterns. We have developed an aggregation index (AI) that is class specific and independent of landscape composition. AI assumes that a class with the highest level of aggregation (AI =1) is comprised of pixels sharing the most possible edges. A class whose pixels share no edges (completely disaggregated) has the lowest level of aggregation (AI =0). AI is similar to SI and Qi, but it calculates aggregation more precisely than the latter two. We have evaluated the performance of AI under varied levels of (1) aggregation, (2) number of patches, (3) spatial resolutions, and (4) real species distribution maps at various spatial scales. AI was able to produce reasonable results under all these circumstances. Since it is class specific, it is more precise than CI, which measures overall landscape aggregation. Thus, AI provides a quantitative basis to correlate the spatial pattern of a class with a specific process. Since AI is a ratio variable, map units do not affect the calculation. It can be compared between classes from the same or different landscapes, or even the same classes from the same landscape under different resolutions.