马尾松毛虫抗药性监测及增效磷与3种菊酯混配的增效作用

对江西高安等16个县、市林区的马尾松毛虫用溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯用点滴法进行毒力测定，结果表明，江西林区马尾松毛虫对溴氰菊酯的耐药力有明显提高，其中高安、贵溪林区马尾松毛虫的抗数达到了低抗水平，马尾松毛虫对氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯尚未产生抗性，室内用以上3种拟除虫菊酯与增效磷（SV1）按1：0．5、1：1、1：3、1：5T 1：10的比例混配，用点滴法对马尾松毛虫进行毒力测定，结果表明，增效磷与拟除虫菊酯混配有明显的增效作用，并且随着SV1比例的提高，增效作用增强，用4种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂（2．5％溴氰菊酯、20％ 酯、2．5％三氟氰菊酯和10％氯氰菊酯）加增效磷按不同混配比进行林间防马尾松毛虫试验，结果表明，增效与拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂混配有极显著的增效作用，林间防治松毛虫以溴氰菊酯＋SV1（1：5）、氰戊菊酯＋SV1（1：3－1：5）、三氟氰氯菊酯＋SV1（1：3－1：5）以及氯氰菊酯＋SV1（1：5）稀释8000倍效果最佳。     

Pyrethroid Exposure Reduces Growth and Development of Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Caterpillars

Insecticide exposure has been identified as a contributing stressor to the decline in the North American monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) population. Monarch toxicity data are currently limited and available data focuses on lethal endpoints. This study examined the 72-h toxicity of two pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin and β-cyfluthrin, and their effects on growth and diet consumption. The toxicity of bifenthrin to caterpillars was lower than β-cyfluthrin after 72 h. Survival was the most sensitive endpoint for bifenthrin, but diet consumption and caterpillar growth were significantly reduced at sublethal levels of β-cyfluthrin. Using AgDRIFT spray drift assessment, the aerial application of bifenthrin or β-cyfluthrin is predicted to pose the greatest risk to fifth-instar caterpillars, with lethal insecticide deposition up to 28 m for bifenthrin and up to 23 m for β-cyfluthrin from treated edges of fields. Low boom ground applications are predicted to reduce distances of lethal insecticide exposure to 2 m from the treated field edge for bifenthrin and β-cyfluthrin. Growth and survival of fifth-instar monarch caterpillars developing within the margins of a treated field may be significantly impacted following foliar applications of bifenthrin or β-cyfluthrin. These findings provide evidence that pyrethroid insecticides commonly used for soybean pest control are a potential risk to monarch caterpillars in agricultural landscapes.     

Development of and future prospects for pyrethroid chemistry

The pyrethroid group of insecticides consists of natural pyrethrins derived from pyrethrum flowers and synthetic derivatives which are similar in chemical structure to the natural compounds. Pyrethroids have been considered to be ideal insecticides because of their rapid knock-down effect against insects in a minimal dose and low mammalian toxicity. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物源杀虫剂研究进展

植物源杀虫剂是植物产生的次生代谢物质,因其具有特异的生物活性,因此为研究开发植物源杀虫剂提供了丰富的资源,是有机合成化学农药的替代品。本研究对植物源杀虫剂简史及现状、有效活性成分、作用方式等作了较为详细的综述,提出了植物源杀虫剂研发目前存在的问题及发展前景。本研究将为开发更多的植物源杀虫剂提供参考和借鉴。     

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对二化螟的生物活性研究

通过室内试验,研究了10种菊酯类农药对水稻二化螟幼虫的生物活性,以及高效氯氟氰菊酯5种剂型对二化螟幼虫的生物活性差异。结果表明：高效氟氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、S-氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、乙氰菊酯、醚菊酯、氟硅菊酯对水稻二化螟幼虫均有较高的活性,LD50（μg /头）分别为0.0017,0.0039,0.0043,0.0070,0.0071,0.0116,0.0119,0.714,0.1779,0.3858,其活性分别是对照药剂三唑磷的0.3-141.59倍,是甲胺磷的2.07- 469.06倍。高效氯氟氰菊酯5剂型对二化螟3龄幼虫的生物活性略有差异,LC50(mg/L)值分别为：0.0945（EW）,0.1089（EC）,0.1174(ME),0.1232(SC),0.1591(WP)。     

蝗虫对光谱光照特性趋光反应的对比及数学分析

为给蝗虫灾害光电诱导机械化捕集技术中诱导光源光照参数的选取及设计提供技术支持,该文利用LED光源和自制的行为反应试验装置采用对比试验法,进行了蝗虫趋光选择最佳的光谱优选,并测试了蝗虫趋光行为反应的光照阈值,探讨了不同光谱和光照度对蝗虫趋光行为影响的机理。结果显示：相同光照度条件下,蝗虫对紫光（405?nm）的内在趋光反应率最高,对紫绿蓝（520+465+405?nm）组合光的反应次之;蝗虫对紫（405?nm）、绿（520?nm）、蓝（465?nm）及组合光的趋光反应率数学模型求解表明,蝗虫对不同光谱的趋光反应存在最高趋光光照度值和最低灵敏光照度值,其中紫光对二者的光照度最低;蝗虫的趋光响应受光谱和光照度的影响,在绿、紫、蓝光谱组合的光照度值内提高光照强度可达到蝗虫对紫光反应的逼近效果。     

提取、纯化沉积物中有机磷农药和菊酯类农药的两种程序的比较

Two procedures were compared for extraction and clean-up of 20 organophosphorus and 19 pyrethroid pesticides in sediment to identify the more effective procedure for groups of pesticides or individual compounds. In Procedure Ⅰ, methanol/water and n-hexane were used for extraction, and 1:10 (v/v) dichloromethane in n-hexane and acetone were used as eluents for eluting the analyte through the cartridge, with one evaporating steps on a rotary evaporator and two eluting steps on the cartridge, n-hexane/acetone (2:1, v/v) was used for extraction and elution in Procedure Ⅱ with one evaporating step on a rotary evaporator and one eluting step on the cartridge. All extractions were performed under an ultrasonic bath and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were utilized for measurements. Procedure Ⅱ was developed as a rapid, timesaving, less costly and safer substitute for Procedure Ⅰ which was an old method. Procedure Ⅱ was more effective for almost all the organophosphorus pesticides tested and 11 of the 19 pyrethroid pesticides, while Procedure I was more appropriate for analysis of 5 pyrethroid pesticides. However, recoveries of most pyrethroid pesticides were fairly low. Thus, further studies should focus on adjustment and formulation of solvents for more efficient extraction and clean-up of pyrethroid pesticides from sediment samples.