Use of the Lincoln Index Mark-Recapture Method to Estimate the Population Densities for Harvestable Yabbies,Cherax destructor,in Grow-Out Ponds

Abstract

The Lin coln In dex mark-re cap ture method was eval u ated for its ac cu racy in es ti mat ing the num ber of harvestable yab bies, Cherax de struc tor, in earthen ponds. Where a sin gle re cap ture event was used to es ti mate the pop u la tion, a 3 to 6 day in ter val be tween the re lease and recap ture of marked an i mals tended to pro vide a more re li able es ti mate than a re lease and re cap ture in ter val of 24 hours. Where two re cap ture events were used to pro vide an av er age es ti mate, the method tended to un der es ti mate by 20% low den sity pop u la tions, that had been the sub ject of pre da tion by wa ter birds, whereas those es ti mates de ter mined f o r ponds with higher den si ties of cray fish, where avian piscivores were excluded, tended to be more ac cu rate (±10%). The ap pli ca tion of pop u la tion es ti ma tion as a tool for ar ti fi cial feed-man age ment is dis cussed.     

A genetic study of popping quality in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Summary Two crosses of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (IS 1054 × ICSV-1, and IS 5604 × IS 1054) were evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations for the variation in their popping quality as measured by pop volume (ml). Dominance was in the direction of low pop volume. Dominance and additive gene effects, in that order, governed most of the variation, while significant dominance x dominance type of interaction effects could also be detected. There was no evidence for higher order gene interactions.Approved as Journal Article 630 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.     

A short note on the horizontal and vertical movements of a whale shark, Rhincodon typus, tracked by satellite telemetry in the South China Sea

Whale sharks, a global migratory species, are often reported entangled in fishing nets in coastal areas of China. The effectiveness of conservation measures has been constrained by very limited knowledge on their movements and preferred habitats in the coastal areas of China. For the first time, we tracked the movements of 2 whale sharks by satellite telemetry in Mainland China. The tracking results of 1 whale shark revealed that it travelled in the South China Sea in a south-eastern direction, parallel to the eastern coast of Vietnam. Total distance travelled was 1018 km, in approximately 74 days, with a mean speed of 14 km per day. It appeared to head towards the cool upwelling zones in southern Vietnam at the time of the tag's detachment. In our study, it was observed that this whale shark was a surface dweller and spent approximately 45% of its time above 10 m water depth and 90% of its time above 50 m depth. It also tended to stay in water temperatures between 27 and 30 °C, and was rarely recorded in water below 20 °C. This preliminary study indicates the importance of shallow waters as the foraging habitat for whale sharks, and has implications for their management and conservation.     

流行文化对高校学生价值观的影响及对策

随着信息的快速发展,文化的交流沟通也是进步迅速,受到当代网络文化的冲击,流行 文化也逐渐步入大学校园。大学生应该学会用正确的态度对待流行文化,教育者也应该采取适 当的措施减少流行文化的消极影响,不能一昧的抵制一切流行文化。对于这个问题,从大学生、 教育者和学校三方面可以提出解决办法,尽量减少流行文化的消极影响,让大学校园更加适合 学生的学习和成长。     

转基因三倍体毛白杨抗盐试验研究

试验设计4～11 g·kg-1 8个NaCl浓度梯度,对转PLD/AtNHXI基因抗盐碱三倍体毛白杨进行组培苗抗盐分化试验,设计2～10 g·kg-19个NaCl浓度梯度进行组培苗抗盐生根试验,设计3～12 g·kg-1 10个NaCl浓度梯度对1年生盆栽苗进行抗盐试验,结果表明:在NaCl浓度达8 g·kg-1时,转基因三倍体毛白杨分化培养37 d后,组培苗的叶色、分化芽数及新稍长度开始受到影响,随着NaCl浓度的增大将抑制组培苗分化生长,甚至枯萎死亡;在含NaCl 7 g·kg-1的生根培养基中,培养20 d后,虽然叶色没有受到盐太大的影响,但生根和新稍的生长都开始受到抑制,根系明显的减少;在含NaCl 7 g·kg-1的土壤条件下,盆栽苗培养32 d后,开始表现出盐害症状.     

Vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific,derived from pop‐up satellite archival tag data

Vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) was evaluated using pop‐up satellite archival tag data from the eastern tropical Atlantic, western North Atlantic, and eastern tropical Pacific. Data included Argos transmitted depth, temperature, and light level frequency histograms binned at 1–8‐h intervals, and four recovered pop‐up satellite archival tags that provided high resolution archival data recorded at 30‐s intervals. We tabulated the proportions of time spent within each degree of water temperature relative to the surface temperature (Delta T) and proportions of time at temperature, as these are major input variables for habitat standardization models used in stock assessment procedures. Frequency distributions were calculated for daylight, darkness, and twilight for each of the three regions and for all regions combined. Vertical habitat envelopes indicated greater use of deeper strata in the western North Atlantic, compared to the hypoxia‐based habitat compressed regions of the eastern Atlantic and Pacific. However, there were no significant differences in Delta T distributions when comparing the three regions, affirming this metric for its application in habitat standardization models.     

Designing satellite tagging studies: estimating and optimizing data recovery

Satellite telemetry is used routinely to collect and transmit movement, behaviour and environmental data from free‐ranging animals. Satellite tags (hereafter SATs) are essential for collecting in situ data from animals where manual retrieval of a data logger is impossible. The collected data is fundamental for scientific and many management applications. However, the amount of data a SAT can transmit is limited by its battery life, transmission opportunities, bandwidth and satellite coverage. When designing a SAT study, these factors should be taken into account to ensure that limited transmissions are utilized as effectively as possible. In this paper we present a theoretical discussion of the factors that influence the data transmission and present tools for designing effective SAT studies. We calculate the optimal sampling period for the tag given its expected lifetime and regional variation in satellite coverage. Taking these factors into account allows prediction of the expected number of tags required to meet targets for a deployment. These methods are applied to a case study of a highly migratory pelagic fish tagged with popup archival satellite tags (PSATs). Our findings will be useful for SAT study design in general and demonstrate an approach which can reduce the ad hoc nature of SAT deployments.     

用尼龙袋法测定膨化玉米的瘤胃降解率

本试验用尼龙袋法测定膨化玉米中干物质(DM)、有机物质(0M)、粗蛋白(CP)、非蛋白有机物质(NPOM)在牛瘤胃内的降解率。结果表明膨化玉米的DM、OM、CP和NPPM在外流速度为0．05时的动态降解率分别为79．77％、80．44％、48．33％和84．71％，均比未处理的玉米降解率有所提高。     

Movement and behaviour of large southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in the Australian region determined using pop‐up satellite archival tags

Pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on 52 large (156–200 cm length to caudal fork) southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in the western Tasman Sea during the austral winters of 2001–2005. Southern bluefin tuna (SBT) were resident in the Tasman Sea for up to 6 months with movements away from the tagging area occurring at highly variable rates. The data indicated a general tendency for SBT to move south from the tagging area in the Western Tasman Sea. Four individuals migrated west along the southern continental margin of Australia and into the Indian Ocean. Three individuals moved east into the central Tasman Sea, with one individual reaching New Zealand. We also describe the first observed migration of an SBT from the Tasman Sea to the Indian Ocean spawning grounds south of Indonesia. Individuals spent most of their time relatively close to the Australian coast, with an estimated 84% of time spent in the Australian Fishing Zone. SBT favored temperatures between 19 and 21°C, adjusting their depth to the vertical temperature distribution. Distinct diurnal diving patterns were observed and adjustment of depth to maintain constant ambient light levels over a 24‐h period. The findings of this study are a significant advance toward greater understanding of the spatial dynamics of large SBT and understanding the connectivity between distant regions of their distribution.     

农业产业化特色种植基地建设中的热点问题分析

结合农业产业化特色种植基地建设实际,从基地选址、经营模式、主辅作选择、垦地与土壤改良、成本效益分析等方面对当前农业产业化特色种植基地建设中的热点问题进行了探讨和分析,并提出了相应的解决措施和方法。