纳米二氧化钛光催化降解毒死蜱的动力学研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)降解毒死蜱的反应动力学,考察纳米TiO2用量、毒死蜱起始质量浓度及溶液pH值对毒死蜱光催化降解速率的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2最佳用量为50～100 mg/L,毒死蜱初始质量浓度在5～80 mg/L时,其降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,表现为毒死蜱质量浓度越大,降解速率常...     

空气净化网上光催化剂和活性炭相互增强净化能力的作用机理

采用浸涂法在活性炭空气净化网上负载纳米二氧化钛，在紫外光的照射下，净化网对一氧化碳、甲醛、硫化氢等污染物的净化能力明显增强，对比实验表明，在紫外光照射下光催化剂使被吸附的污染物发生降解反应而提高活性炭的净化能力。活性 吸附作用为光催化反应浓度环境，加速反应速率。     

光催化降解汽车尾气路面喷洒机的研究

根据光催化降解汽车尾气材料的喷洒要求及喷洒时所需的工作特点，结合我国实际的道路状况，研究设计光催化降解汽车尾气路面喷洒机。介绍喷洒机的结构组成及工作原理，对喷洒机的主要结构进行设计。该喷洒系统可利用牵引设备的动力或自载蓄电池来驱动直流电机液泵，取代传统的小型汽油机或柴油机，使该机工作时具备环保、低噪声和低振动等诸多优点。对喷洒机的试验方法进行研究，确定试验时的施工工艺，通过试验验证喷洒机的工作效果良好。     

Titanium dioxide photoinduced degradation of some pesticide/fungicide precursors

Five-membered nitrogen heterocycles (pyrrole, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole) have been degraded using titanium dioxide and simulated solar radiation at pH = 8. The degradations followed a simple Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Accordingly, the adsorption equilibrium constants K of the heterocycles on the titanium dioxide surface and the rate constants k of degradation of the heterocycle-catalyst adduct have been obtained experimentally. While the K values decrease with heterocycle pKa, the k values increase with increasing pKa. Therefore, apparently, the rate constant depends on the availability of the electron pair on nitrogen, but at the same time the electron pair repulsion induced by the negatively charged titanium dioxide surface at pH = 8 causes a reverse effect in the adsorption equilibrium constant. Only in the case of imidazole, where the adsorption equilibrium constant is low enough (K = 0.013 M(-1)), can the rate constant be approximated to a pseudo-first-order rate expression: k(obs) = Kk. In all other cases, k(obs) = Kk/(1 + K(heterocycle)).     

基于杉木模板的Zn2+掺杂TiO2的光催化性能研究

  目的  针对木材加工行业带来的加工剩余物浪费问题,本研究以杉木为模板,通过浸渍–煅烧的方法,制备具有木材分级多孔结构的Zn2+掺杂TiO₂复合光催化剂,利用木材加工剩余物的高值化利用的方式提高光催化材料的性能。  方法  以亚甲基蓝溶液为降解对象,探讨了不同的Zn2+掺杂对木材模板TiO₂的光催化活性的影响,并结合XRD、SEM、XPS、BET、TEM和UV-vis等表征分析探讨模板二氧化钛的光催化降解机制。  结果  以杉木为模板的Zn-TiO₂具有良好的孔隙结构,其晶型为锐钛矿型和少量的金红石型的混晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸为22.0 nm。掺杂的Zn2+取代了Ti4+的晶格的位置,使TiO₂吸收波长在可见光区发生红移。在紫外光照射条件下,杉木模板1.0%Zn-TiO₂对亚甲基蓝的降解效率最高,达到了99.31%,相比无模板TiO₂提升了27%,同时其禁带宽度相比于无模板TiO₂从3.08 eV减小至2.41 eV。在循环降解亚甲基蓝的实验中,5次降解效率均达到90%以上。  结论  采用木材模板法制备的Zn-TiO₂光催化降解有机污染物性能优异,具有良好的稳定性。木材独特的孔隙结构有利于光的吸收和传质,较高的比表面积为光催化提供了更多的活性位点。Zn2+与被替代的Ti4+由于半径和价态差异使晶格内产生晶格缺陷,抑制了光生电子–空穴的复合,增加了载流子的运输,从而提高光催化性能。将木材剩余物的加工与多孔无机材料领域相结合,对木材加工剩余物的功能化转变具有潜在的应用前景。      

微波辅助光催化降解水中苯酚

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无电极灯(EDLs)和TiO₂催化剂研究了水溶液中苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,反应30 min,微波辅助光催化(MAPC)能去除92%的苯酚,溶液总有机碳(TOC)减少84%.MAPC的最佳反应条件为:苯酚初始浓度10 mg/L,微波功率900 W,反应液体积50 mL,EDLs-3,催化剂用量1～4 g/L,循环态流速15 mL/min.MAPC处理含酚废水具有较好的应用潜能.     

Effects of different preparation methods onphotocatalytic activity of Fe3+/TiO2

Two kinds of Fe3+/TiO2 catalysts are prepared by Sol-gel method and hydrolysis method. XRD, UV-Vis, BET, curves of N 2 adsorption-desorption and 3D fluorescence are used to analyze the structures and properties of the catalysts, and their photocatalytic activities are investigated through degradation of DBP. The results show that two kinds of catalysts are anatase TiO 2. The band gap of the Fe3+/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by Sol-gel and hydrolysis method are 2.6 eV and 3.2 eV respectively, and the former with an absorption edge at 477 nm, while the latter with no redshift. The curves of N 2 adsorption-desorption of the Fe3+/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by Sol-gel and hydrolysis method are type Ⅳ and Ⅴ, their BET specific surface areas are 57.03 m2/g and 10.94 m2/g, and the hysteresis loop of the latter shifts to the high relative pressure region with a smaller pore volume and a bigger average pore diameter. Two kinds of catalysts can reduce photoluminescence properties of TiO 2 at various degrees, and the catalyst prepared by Sol-gel method shows a weaker photoluminescence property. The results of degradation experiment show the degradation rate of DBP by catalyst prepared by Sol-gel method and hydrolysis method are 60.53% and 31.83% respectively after 2 h.     

苯噻草胺光催化和直接光解影响因素和降解途径研究

采用微波辅助光催化降解和直接光解实验方法,研究了苯噻草胺在光催化和直接光解两种体系下的降解情况,并考察了初始pH值、腐植酸浓度以及阿特拉津对其光催化降解和直接光解的影响。结果表明,在光照4min内,苯噻草胺直接光解效率为93．3％,较光催化降解效率高出28．9％;初始pH值从1．88增加至10．28时,苯噻草胺光催化和光解速率常数分别提高了250％和58．6％;添加腐植酸对苯噻草胺的直接光解和光催化均具有抑制效应,并且抑制效应随着腐植酸浓度的增加而增加,当腐植酸浓度增加至40mg·L^-1时,直接光解和光催化降解速率分别降低了51．8％和47．5％;10mg·L^-1的阿特拉津抑制了苯噻草胺的前期降解,整体直接光解速率降低了46．3％,但整体光催化降解速率没有减小。此外,采用GC—MS对苯噻草胺两种降解体系下的主要中间产物进行鉴定,并提出了主要的光降解途径。     

Catalytic Performance of H3PW12O40-TiO2/bentonite in Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 hydrogel was prepared by the sol-gel method, and then H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was prepared through the intercalation of H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 into interlayer space. The characterization of XRD, SEM and EDS showed that H3PW12O40TiO2 species were successfully immobilized on bentonite, and the layer strucure of bentonite was changed. The discrete anatase TiO2 existed on the bentonite. H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was a composite material with the different particle size and th loose structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the photocatalytic activity of catalyst had been better by doping H3PW12O40, and the H3PW12O40/TiO2/bentonite had a wide applicable range of pH value. Moreover, H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite had a good catalytic stability. Based on the results of characterization analysis and catalytic performance, the schematic procedure for the action mechanism of H3PW12O40TiO2/Bentonite in photocatalysis was presented.     

负载TiO2/WO3粉煤灰分子筛表征及对水中高浓度活性红X-3b光催化性能

用水热合成法将热电固废粉煤灰制备成分子筛F,将其作为材料基板,用浸渍法分别负载TiO_2/WO_3,制成粉煤灰分子筛光催化剂Ti/F、W/F、W&Ti/F。通过SEM-EDS、XRD和BET对4种材料作表征,研究催化剂光催化去除水中高浓度活性红X-3b效果及反应动力学特性。结果表明,F中含Ti不含W,Ti主要以金红石型TiO_2单晶存在。与F相比,Ti/F新增TiO_2晶型为钛锐型TiO_2,Ti以锐钛型和金红石型混晶存在;F负载WO_3改变表面结构,平均孔径增加,活性红吸附率增加,W取代F中金红石型Ti明显降低Ti含量;W&Ti/F的Ti、W双负载(0.5:0.5)使Ti和W负载量分别高于Ti/F和W/F,但锐钛型和金红石型混晶TiO_2量明显低于Ti/F,光催化活性低于Ti/F。Ti/F、W/F、W&Ti/F、F均对水中高浓度活性红X-3b具有光催化活性。催化活性成分主要为锐钛型和金红石型TiO_2。Ti/F光催化效果最好;在最优条件下,紫外光照630 min,2 000 mg·L~(-1)活性红X-3b去除率为95.74%;其次为F,93.83%;W&Ti/F和W/F去除率分别为87.78%和87.60%。光催化反应20℃下符合一级动力学反应,40℃下符合二级动力学反应。Ti/F和F分子筛对2 000 mg·L~(-1)活性红X-3b具有高光催化活性,使光催化处理活性红X-3b浓度范围显著提高。