Time-course comparison of pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of four different nickel oxide nanoparticles in male Fischer rats

Occupational exposure to nickel oxide (NiO) is an important cause of respiratory tract cancer. Toxicity is known to be associated with the dissociated component, i.e. nickel (II) ions. To address the relationship between physicochemical properties, including solubility in artificial lysosomal fluid, of NiO and time-course changes in the pulmonary response, we conducted an intratracheal instillation study in male Fischer rats using four different well-characterized NiO products, US3352 (NiO A), NovaWireNi01 (NiO B), I small particle (NiO C), and 637130 (NiO D). The NiOs were suspended in purified water and instilled once intratracheally into male F344 rats (12 weeks old) at 0 (vehicle control), 0.67, 2, and 6 mg/kg body weight. The animals were euthanized on days 3, 28, or 91 after instillation, and blood analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) testing, and histopathological examination were performed. The most soluble product, NiO B, caused the most severe systemic toxicity, leading to a high mortality rate, but the response was transient and surviving animals recovered. The second-most-soluble material, NiO D, and the third, NiO A, caused evident pulmonary inflammation, and the responses persisted for at least 91 days with collagen proliferation. In contrast, NiO C induced barely detectable inflammation in the BALF examination, and no marked changes were noted on histopathology. These results indicate that the early phase toxic potential of NiO products, but not the persistence of pulmonary inflammation, is associated with their solubility.     

化学镀镍单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能

为了实现单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能,对单板进行了化学镀镍研究,通过表面电阻率和电磁波网络分析仪测量方法对化学镀镍单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能进行了分析。结果表明：化学镀镍单板的导电性随着金属镍沉积量的增加而增加,但单板的导电性具有各向异性,平行于纤维方向的导电性要好于垂直于纤维方向的导电性。此外,这种各向异性在金属镍沉积量较少的情况下表现得更加明显,化学镀镍单板的电磁波屏蔽效能随着由于金属镍沉积量的增加而引起导电性的增加而增大,在本研究中化学镀镍单板的电磁波屏蔽效能可以达到30～60dB。     

在骨架镍上松香催化加氢反应的研究

测定在不同类型搅拌器下高压釜的持气量和反应效果，认识到骨架镍上松香催化加氢是外扩张控制的反应。采用溶剂法、双层组合式搅拌器及改变搅拌转速达到了消除外扩散影响的目的，从而使骨架镍显示出与贵钨Pb/C催化剂相似的活性。在反应过程中，在线跟踪了反应物和产物的浓度随时间的变化关系，结果表明在170℃、5．0MPa的反应条件下，枞酸加氢生成二氢枞酸和四氢枞酸是并行反应。     

不同硼浓度对三种超富集植物吸收硼及重金属的影响

通过水培试验研究了0~15 mg·L-1的硼(B)对Zn/Cd超富集植物东南景天(Sedum alfredii)、Zn/Cd/Ni超富集植物遏蓝菜(Noccaea caerulescens)和Ni超富集植物庭荠属(Alyssum murale)在20 mg Zn·L-1及18 mg Ni·L-1胁迫下生长和吸收重金属的影响。试验结果显示:较低浓度的硼促进三种超富集植物的生长和重金属吸收,而高浓度的硼则表现出抑制作用;三种植物在硼处理浓度为10.0mg·L-1时都开始表现中毒的症状,三种植物地上部分的硼含量随硼处理浓度的增加而增大,S.alfredii叶部、N.caerulescens、A.murale地上部分的硼浓度范围分别为40.2~880、115~744、156~922 mg·kg-1干重;当硼处理的浓度为2.0、0.5 mg·L-1时,S.alfredii和N.caerulescens地上部分的重金属吸收达最大值,A.murale地上部Zn和Ni的含量则分别在硼处理浓度为2.0、5 mg·L-1时达到最大。     

Vegetative Growth,Yield and Leaf Mineral Composition in Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa DUCH. CV. Pajaro) as Influenced using Nickel Sulfate and Urea Sprays

In this study, interactions of nickel sulfate and urea sprays on vegetative growth, yield and leaf mineral contents in strawberry were investigated. Rooted Pajaro strawberry plants were potted in 3 liter pots filled with soil, leaf mold and sand (1:1:1, v/v/v). Established plants were foliar sprayed with nickel sulfate at 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg L^?1 and urea 0 and 2 g L^?1 concentrations. Results indicated that nickel (Ni; 300 mg L^?1) plus urea (2 g L^?1) significantly increased the yield and runner numbers. Nickel sulfate at the rate of 300 and 150 mg L^?1and urea (2 g L^?1) significantly increased the crown numbers. The greatest root fresh and dry weights were obtained from untreated plants. Urea at 2 g L^?1 without nickel significantly increased shoot fresh and dry weights. Nickel at 450 mg L^?1 without urea significantly increased Ni concentration in leaves. Overall, nickel sulfate at 150 and 300 mg L^?1 along with urea at 2 g L^?1 were the best treatments.     

稀土元素铈对快速镍刷镀工艺及镀层性能的影响

研究了稀土元素铈对快速镍刷镀工艺及镀层性能的影响，结果表明，在镍镀液中加入一定量的稀土化合物硫酸铈能有效地提高镀速及刷镀层硬度，降低刷镀层的孔隙率，且刷镀层与基体结合良好，但对镀液稳定性影响不大。     

镍钛手用锉与不锈钢手用锉对弯曲根管成形能力的对比研究

目的 :对比镍钛手用锉 (NiTiFLEX)与不锈钢K型锉 ,K Flex锉预备塑料块中的弯曲管的成形能力。方法 :3 6个内含相似弯曲根管的塑料块分为 3组 :( 1)镍钛手用锉组 ;( 2 )不锈钢K Flex锉组 ;( 3 )不锈钢K型锉组。均以逐步后退法预备根管 ,叠加根管预备前后的扫描图像 ,分析根管弯曲部分的形态变化。结果 :( 1)组基本维持原根管曲线 ,根尖 1/3平均角度偏移为 ( 1.2 8°± 0 .73°) ,( 2 )组、( 3 )组根管直化较明显 ,根尖 1/3平均角度偏移分别为 ( 10 .76°± 1.17°)和 ( 12 .5 8°± 1.0 9°) ,与 ( 1)组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,( 2 )组与 ( 3 )组比较差异亦有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。根管轴心偏移在弯曲部分向内 ,在根尖区向外 ,偏移量 ( 1)组最小 ,( 2 )组次之 ,( 3 )组最大 ,( 1)组与另两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;除根尖处外 ,( 2 )组较 ( 3 )组的偏移量差异亦存在显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。 ( 2 )组、( 3 )组预备后的根管较 ( 1)组显著增宽 ,两组间只在距根尖 4mm差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且均有根尖拉开和肘部形成。 ( 1)组无根尖拉开及肘部形成。结论 :镍钛手用锉较不锈钢手用锉能保持原根管曲线 ,形成良好的根管形态     

重金属对水稻田土壤中藻类数量和种类的影响

研究表明水稻田土壤中藻类种群丰富,其中蓝藻11属、硅藻5属、绿藻7属、裸藻1属,数量上以蓝藻占优势,硅藻次之,绿藻、裸藻很少。经重金属铜、镍、铅、锌分别处理的土壤样品藻类数量变化很大,在低浓度时起促进作用,高浓度时起抑制作用,其临界值为铜10mg·kg~(-1),锌100mg·kg~(-1),镍>100mg·kg~(-1)。多种金属混合总体毒害增加,但铜、铅、毒害呈减弱趋势。除铜以外,这些重金属对藻类种群结构未有剧烈的影响,但铜在高浓度时对蓝藻的抑制作用比对硅藻的抑制作用强烈。     

4种浸提剂对土壤有效态镍提取条件的比较与选择

研究4种不同浸提试剂(H2O、HCl、CaCl2、DTPA)的提取条件(提取温度、提取时间、土液比),同时选择4种类型土壤(褐土、棕壤、栗钙土、潮土)进行生物相关分析,对4种浸提剂提取土壤有效态Ni的效果进行比较与选择。结果表明,提取温度25～30℃范围内,Ni提取量除HCl外无明显变化,随着平衡时间的延长和土液比的减小,Ni提取量呈增加趋势;不同提取剂提取有效态Ni量与植物Ni吸收量均达显著和极显著正相关,与生物量呈显著或极显著负相关,较好地反映出植物Ni危害状况。综合对比4种浸提剂的提取能力、提取灵敏度以及生物相关性等指标,提出DTPA可作为不同类型土壤有效态Ni的通用提取试剂。     

镍锌离子对高羊茅幼苗生理特性的影响

采用砂培法研究了不同浓度的Ni2+和Zn2+对高羊茅草幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,当Ni2+和Zn2+的浓度达2.5μmol·L-1时,高羊茅幼苗的生物量、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量均有所下降,而游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性则有所升高。随着Ni2+和Zn2+浓度的增加,以上指标的下降或升高的幅度增大。相比之下,Ni2+对高羊茅幼苗生长的影响比Zn2+的影响大。