Reproductive roles predict sexual dimorphism in internal and external morphology of lake whitefish,Coregonus clupeaformis

Abstract – The different reproductive roles of the sexes can predict the direction and magnitude of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology. Males should have enlarged structures that enhance the acquisition of mating opportunities, whereas females are predicted to have enlarged organs that are associated with the production of eggs. We tested these predictions in male and female lake whitefish, a species in which both sexes have similar overall body size and shape. After controlling for body size, male lake whitefish had significantly longer jaws and pectoral and pelvic fins, larger hearts, and more muscle than females. Sexual dimorphism in relative muscle mass may be one of the most fundamental morphological differences between males and females. Females had relatively heavier livers than males. Because the liver is important for the breakdown of fats and vitellogenesis, selection should favour an enlarged liver in females for the processing of energy and the production of large numbers of eggs.     

朝阳东大桥承台砼施工技术

叙述了朝阳东大桥主桥两个承台大体积砼的施工经过。总结了施工方案优选过程和大体积低水化热砼的配合比试验情况,并在实际施工中,证明,该技术措施可行,方案经济合理,取得了比较成功的经验。     

利用性诱剂防治花生田暗黑鳃金龟的研究

为明确暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky)性诱剂对成虫的引诱效果及对幼虫虫口密度的降低作用,在全国主要花生产区开展了田间诱捕试验,调查诱捕成虫数、幼虫减退率及对花生的保果效果。结果表明:一台诱捕器一天内诱到的最大成虫数为977头;幼虫减退率最高可达78.8%,保果效果最高可达68.6%。表明暗黑鳃金龟性诱剂对成虫有很强的引诱效果,并能明显减轻幼虫为害。     

Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems

Greater adoption and refinement of low-external-input (LEI) farming systems have been proposed as ways to ameliorate economic, environmental and health problems associated with conventional farming systems. Organic soil amendments and crop diversification are basic components of LEI systems. Weed scientists can improve the use of these practices for weed management by improving knowledge of four relevant ecological mechanisms. First, multispecies crop rotations, intercrops and cover crops may reduce opportunities for weed growth and regeneration through resource competition and niche disruption. Secondly, weed species appear to be more susceptible to phytotoxic effects of crop residues and other organic soil amendments than crop species, possibly because of differences in seed mass. Thirdly, delayed patterns of N availability in LEI systems may favour large-seeded crops over small-seeded weeds. Finally, additions of organic materials can change the incidence and severity of soil-borne diseases affecting weeds and crops. Our research on LEI sweetcorn and potato production systems in central and northern Maine (USA) suggests that these mechanisms can reduce weed density and growth while maintaining crop yields. Low-external-input farming systems will advance most quickly through the application of interdisciplinary research focused on these and other ecological mechanisms.     

布氏白僵菌的研究与应用

对７０年代以来布氏白僵菌的生物学、致病性、生理生化特性等基因研究以及该菌的规模征税和田间防治应用地综述。目前已发现该菌能寄生７个目的７０种昆虫,特别对鞘翅目害虫具有独特寄生效果,已在林区、农田、草地、果园中用于防治各种金龟子和天牛。在法国、瑞士等地,用布氏白僵菌连续多年防治林区的西方五月鳃金龟,取得了令人瞩目的防治效果和生态效果,日本用该菌防治杉树天牛、我国用该菌防治农田及苗圃蛴螬都取得明显成效。     

《北直农话报》的传播机制及其借鉴

为进一步发掘《北直农话报》等早期农业刊物的历史价值,从传播学角度,对其传播环境与制度、传播者和传播对象、传播内容和渠道等进行考察和分析,认为其以开通民智、振兴农业为宗旨、富民强国为目标、农学者与农业者为对象、科学思想与农学知识为内容,特别是其将强有力的组织传播、直接有效的人际传播融入具有间接和持久影响的大众传播,并使三者有机结合、形成巨大合力的传播机制值得肯定与借鉴。     

中国鲎人工繁育及1龄稚鲎形态性状对体质量的影响

为了探究不同龄期中国鲎幼鲎生长特性,实验测定了2~4龄幼鲎头胸部长 (X₁)、头胸部宽 (X₂)、腹部长 (X₃)、腹部宽 (X₄)、剑尾长 (X₅)、全长 (X₆)和体重 (Y)等参数,运用相关分析和通径分析方法,探讨形态性状对体重的作用效果。结果显示,2~4龄幼鲎体重相关系数最高的形态性状均为头胸部宽 (X₂);通径分析发现,头胸部宽 (X₂)对2龄和3龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大,腹部宽 (X₄)对4龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大;各形态性状对体重决定程度分析与通径分析变化趋势一致。对2~4龄幼鲎头胸部宽和体重进行对数处理,获得异速生长方程回归系数 (b)为2.746,表明此阶段幼鲎体重增长率大于头胸部宽增长率,处于正生长期。实验表明,不同龄期阶段中国鲎苗种筛选所依据的形态性状有所差异,中国鲎幼鲎阶段种质评价应考虑其异速生长规律,同时也为探究鲎的生长与性状、结构与生理之间的关系奠定基础。     

林地资产批量评估BP模型研究

在林地资产评估中,将BP神经网络与批量评估方法结合,通过对影响林地资产评估价值因子的数据处理,建立林地批量评估BP模型,运用贝叶斯方法估计正则化参数,提高BP网络模型泛化能力。结果表明,基于贝叶斯正则化的BP神经网络模型能够实现批量预估林地资产价值,其评估结果精度可靠,泛化能力很好,可为集体林区林地资产评估提供一种新的思路与方法。     

双质量飞轮内部传动结构强度及疲劳寿命分析

随着初级飞轮与次级飞轮相对转角的变化,分段变刚度双质量飞轮具有不同的刚度特性和非线性变化转矩,双质量飞轮内部传动结构作为传递动力和运动部分,结构可靠性和使用寿命必须保证.将建立的三维CAD模型导入HyperMesh软件中进行有限元分析前处理,建立了有限元分析模型,经过仿真求解计算,分析了结构变形、应力分布特点,对比分析...