搞好水土保持 造福子孙万代

搞好水土保持造福子孙万代肖作福（辽宁省人民政府，沈阳１１００３２）从５０年代初期，辽宁省开始了水土保持工作的征程，现已走过四十多年的历程。辽宁人民在辽宁大地上，奋斗不息，重新描绘着山河面貌，谱写了水土保持工作的新篇章。辽宁省的自然状况是“六山一水三分...     

鸭瘟病毒的PCR检测及其产物分析

根据基因库中已有的鸭瘟 Ul6的序列 ,合成一对引物 ,对 3株鸭瘟病毒进行 PCR扩增 ,均扩增出大小约 42 0 bp的特异性片段。进行测序 ,结果表明 3个毒株扩增后的片段均为 42 1bp。经重复实验后确定最佳反应条件 ,按该条件对两例临床病料进行检测 ,结果均出现大小约为 42 0 bp的特异片段。PCR产物与 L ake Andes株的相关序列比较 ,广东毒株与 L ake Andes株同源性较高     

水土保持是山丘区经济发展的根本出路

水土保持是山丘区经济发展的根本出路肖秧（四川省人民政府，成都６１００００）四川地处长江上游，幅员辽阔，境内高山峻岭，江河纵横，是一个有一亿多人口的农业大省。由于历史原因，森林曾遭严重破坏，加之人口众多，人均耕地数量少，垦殖指数高，水土流失十分严重。遥...     

刺槐单株生物量动态研究

本文依据420株刺槐生物量及23株树干解析资料,应用灰色Verhulst模型,对太行山坡地刺槐林单株干、枝、叶、根生物量动态进行了研究,分别建立了预测模型,预测了各器官生长的速生期和停止生长林龄,为实现刺槐林的多目标经营提供决策依据。     

生物安全与家禽疫病控制

疫病成为制约我国畜牧业发展的主要因素，要较好控制疫病必须推行生物安全措施。本文从生物安全概念、推行生物安全必要性、生物安全范围、生物安全难点及养鸡场生物安全措施进行了论述。     

Comparative studies of acetylcholinesterases purified from two field populations of the oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis): implications of insecticide resistance

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purified by affinity chromatography from two populations of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), collected from Huanghua and Pingshan Counties, Hebei Province of China. The purification factors and yields were 1661-fold and 19.3%, respectively, for the Huanghua population, and 3897-fold and 39.6% for the Pingshan population. Both the purification factor and yield were significantly lower in the Huanghua population than in the Pingshan population. AChE activity was almost completely inhibited by 10⁻⁶ M eserine and BW284C51, but ?5.8% of AChE activity was inhibited by ethopropazine at the same concentration, suggesting that purified AChE from either population was a typical insect AChE. However, AChE purified from the Huanghua population was 62-, 2.0-, and 1.6-fold less sensitive to inhibition by the three organophosphate compounds, chlorpyrifos oxon, demeton-S-methyl, and paraoxon, respectively, than that from the Pingshan population. Significantly lower purification factor and low yield associated with reduced sensitivity of AChE to inhibition by the organophosphates indicated that AChE purified from the Huanghua population was biochemically and pharmacologically different from that of the Pingshan population. Reduced sensitivity of AChE appeared to contribute to organophosphate resistance in the locust from Huanghua County, where insecticides have commonly been used to manage outbreaks of the locust.     

Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle, mainly in areas with temperate climates. Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague. In the United States, prairie dogs (Cynomys), rodents (Muridae), and ground squirrels (Spermophilus) are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague. In particular, prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread, which can lead to extirpation of colonies. A number of ecological parameters, including climate, are associated with these epizootics. In this study, we asked whether soil parameters, primarily moisture and temperature, are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison's prairie dogs in the Western United States, and at what depth these associations were apparent. We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation, while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located. The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs, in addition to temperature near the surface, with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague. Overall, the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison's prairie dogs.     

黄河三角洲东亚飞蝗夏蝗发生的气象预测模型

利用黄河三角洲地区5个重点沿海蝗区1983-2008年东亚飞蝗夏蝗的调查资料和相应的气象资料,分别对飞蝗发生期、发生量与主要气象因子进行相关分析并组建回归预测模型。结果表明,夏蝗出土始期和出土盛期均与上年9月和当年2月的降水量呈显著的负相关关系,但方程系数不同;在发生量预测中,夏蝗发生密度与4月平均气温和2月降水量呈显著负相关,发生面积与3月和上年8月的平均气温呈显著正相关、与上年9月降水量呈显著负相关。利用历史资料对预测模型进行回代检验,模拟值的平均相对准确率达90.2%,可以满足实际需求。     

晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区刺槐人工林枯落物水文特性

通过对山西省方山县土桥沟流域不同密度、不同林龄刺槐人工林枯落物蓄积量及其持水性能的研究,得出了不同林分枯落物的蓄积量、持水量、吸水速率等特性参数.结果表明,各林分枯落物总蓄积量在1.89～9.30 t/hm2之间,其中9a刺槐林蓄积量＞15 a刺槐林＞20 a刺槐林.枯落物最大持水量及最大持水率均为20a＞15a＞9 a,密度为3333株/hm2时持水量最大,密度为1111株/hm2时持水量最小.枯落物未分解层和半分解层在前0.25 h吸水速率最大,在前2 h内降低幅度最大,以后逐渐减弱,浸水24 h时吸水速率趋近于零.从人工林水文生态功能的角度分析,晋西半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区刺槐人工林的适宜密度为1667株/hm2.     

应用MODIS数据监测大范围病虫害植被指数变化——以2010年澳大利亚蝗灾为例

为了分析2010年澳大利亚新南威尔士州大范围蝗灾的发生范围和受灾程度,利用2008—2010年MODIS/Terra数据,通过植被生长期内前后同期的NDVI差值图像△NDVI判断2010年植被长势情况。研究结果表明:从整体上看,监测到的受灾范围与受灾程度上基本一致,能较好的反映出新南威尔士州的受灾情况;2010年9月新南威尔士州未受灾面积约为41万km2;受灾较轻区域面积约为5万km2;受灾较重区域的面积约为34万km2;受灾总面积约为39万km2,约占总面积的49%。通过与官方统计数据对比,监测到的受灾面积与官方统计数据相对误差为22%,造成误差的主要原因是像元的缺失与个别错误的像元点,导致受灾区域缺失的像元不能统计在受灾面积中和降低了受灾情况分类的精度。可得出结论,此方法适用于在对蝗灾发生范围和受灾程度的研究中。