2006年度我国纤维板生产发展状况

概述了2006年我国纤维板生产情况,并预测了2007年我国纤维板生产发展状况。     

微生物发酵饲料对肉牛免疫机能的影响

试验旨在研究微生物发酵饲料对肉牛免疫机能的影响。选择90头月龄相近、体型结构相似、体重(373.4~425.3) kg的健康西杂牛,采用随机区组试验设计,将90头牛分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头牛。对照组饲喂基础精料日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别用25%和40%微生物发酵饲料替代基础精料,各组每头牛每天饲喂相同重量的精料(4 kg)和玉米秸秆颗粒(2.7 kg),酒糟自由采食,拴系饲喂,自由饮水;预试期10 d,正试期48 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,2个试验组中血清总蛋白、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白A、G、M浓度显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)提高,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及丙二醛浓度均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)下降;且总抗氧化能力和总超氧化物歧化酶的活性极显著增强(P＜0.01)。提示,利用微生物发酵饲料能提高肉牛免疫力。     

应用SPC分析蛋白质原料配料保真加工现状及误差产生原因

试验应用统计过程控制（SPC）分析饲料生产中蛋白质原料配料保真现状,并对配料误差存在原因进行探讨,旨在为饲料企业配料质量管理提供借鉴。收集两家饲料厂（饲料厂A、B）2015年仔猪料中豆粕、鱼粉和膨化大豆3种蛋白质原料的配料设定值和实际称量值,应用单值-移动极差控制图和生产过程能力评价方法对蛋白质原料的配料保真现状进行分析。结果显示,饲料厂A豆粕、鱼粉和膨化大豆生产过程能力指数C_PK分别为0.20、0.11和0.01,膨化大豆的配料保真度最差,且3种原料的配料实际称量值远高于设定值;饲料厂B豆粕、鱼粉和膨化大豆生产过程能力指数C_PK分别为0.24、0.12和0.24,鱼粉的配料保真度最差,膨化大豆的配料过程存在失控情况;两家饲料厂的蛋白质原料配料误差均超过了饲料行业动态配料精度±0.3% FS的要求,配方保真性较差,需采取措施进行改进。综合分析两家饲料厂配方保真性差的原因是,配料秤工艺参数配置不合理,空中落料量和快慢进料量参数需进一步优化,饲料厂B存在人为操作错误。结果提示,应用SPC方法可较为直观的监控饲料配料过程,提升蛋白质原料的配料精度,减少蛋白质原料的浪费,降低饲料生产成本,从而提高饲料厂配料质量管理水平。     

Assessment of the socio-economic impacts associated with the arrival of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Mwea irrigation scheme,Kenya

Background

In Kenya, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly produced under irrigation by small-scale farmers. Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) in Kirinyaga County accounts for 80–88% of rice production. Here, rice is the main source of livelihood and a source of revenue generation for the county. However, a recently established invasive freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) (family: Ampullariidae), a species of apple snail, presents a serious threat to rice production.

Results

Household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlight apple snail as a serious problem in MIS. Households that observed at least a moderate level of infestation (>20% of cultivated area) experienced significant reductions in rice yield (~14%) and net rice income (~60%). Farmers reported increased use of chemical pesticides for management of apple snail. In addition, the cost of hired labor for physical removal of egg masses and snails is resulting in substantial negative effects on net income. Farmer age, area of land owned, responsibility for decision-making, receipt of extension advice, training, and membership of a farmer organization, were all statistically significant variables to explain farmers awareness of the need for area-wide apple snail management.

Conclusion

Strategies to limit the spread of apple snail are urgently needed. A Multi-Institutional Technical Team (MITT) has been established to spearhead management efforts and consolidate advice to farmers on how to manage apple snail. However, without action to mitigate spread, the consequences could be disastrous for rice production and food security in Kenya, and for other rice growing regions across Africa. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Deciding Method of Capability Vs. Price of Real Estate

The authors determine the index system and the index weight of capability of real estate by applying Delphi method and AHP method, and found the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of capability of real estate. They creates the model of capability Vs. price based on value engineering theory. The authors analysis detailedly deciding method of capability Vs. price of real estate combined with a practice example and application. The method adapts to a house as well as the type of the house. The method resolves the problem which capability Vs. price of real estate was only described by qualitatively for ages, which supplies theory basis to developer and consumer.     

Influence of MUD on the System Capability of CDMA

In CDMA communication system, the relativities between users result in Multiple Access Interference (MAI). With the increase of users, MAI becomes the main jam of broadband CDMA communication system. Multi-User Detection (MUD) is the most important technology of anti-jamming in the broadband CDMA communication system, which can eliminates MAI effectively by using the information of all user signals to detection single. This paper analyze the expression of system capability without MUD and with MUD, and puts forward the way to increase system capability by using MUD. Then the influence of MUD on CDMA system capability is discussed by MATLAB emulation. Basing analysis and emulation, the conclusion is got: the higher the MUD efficiency, the better the improvement of CDMA system capability; under the same MUD efficiency, the lower data rate, the smaller inter-cell interference, the lower the ratio of bit energy to power spectrum, the better the improvement of CDMA system capability.     

复合蛋白对肉牛生产性能和血液指标的影响

西门塔尔杂交公牛36头,随机分为3组,每组12头。对照组使用牛场原有的预混料及其推荐配方,试验组使用复合蛋白替代蛋白质饲料,比例分别为试验1组6%、试验2组10%。分别测定日增重、饲料转化率,血液指标,消化率并进行饲喂效益分析。结果表明:试验1组和试验2组日增重比对照组分别提高2.1%和11.6%,且差异显著(P<0.05);试验1组和试验2组料肉比比对照组分别降低1.9%(P>0.05)和显著降低10.4%(P<0.05);血液指标和养分消化率变化不大,差异不显著(P>0.05);饲喂净效益试验2组比对照组提高71%。说明合理剂量复合蛋白替代日粮中豆粕等蛋白饲料,不但不降低肉牛生产性能,而且还可以提高日增重,降低料肉比,增长效益。     

农地转出行为是否会改变农民家庭的生计策略——基于CFPS微观数据的DID模型估计

在合理筛选控制变量和对农户生计策略类型进行细分的基础上,基于CFPS两期全国整合样本的面板数据,运用倍差法及倾向得分匹配倍差法,实证检验农地转出对农户生计策略产生的影响。结果表明:农地转出对农户采取农业型和农兼型生计策略产生了显著负向作用,对非农型生计策略的选择具有正向推动作用,而对兼农型生计策略的影响效应有限,没有通过显著性检验,说明农户可以通过调整自家的生计策略适应农地转出所引起的变化。另外,通过多种匹配方法对估计结果进行检验,证实估计结果具有稳定性和可靠性。建议今后在尊重农民意愿的基础上,加大对农地流转政策的支持力度。依据不同类型家庭的实际需求,为农户制定适宜自身发展的差异化鼓励政策,带动发展具有当地特色且真正属于农民自己的非农“产业”,实现农地转出户生计的可持续发展。     

贵州省易地扶贫搬迁的动力机制调查研究——以织金县和思南县为例

易地扶贫搬迁工作已顺利开展多年,贵州省农民因此受益,但搬迁后如何保障农民生计问题变得尤为重要。通过分析贵州省牛场镇和塘头镇易地扶贫搬迁的实战经验,发现贵州易地扶贫搬迁中存在多动力协调推进、动力主体多元化、扶贫方式多样化、配套措施及时落实的动力机制,两地在搬迁中的共性为:选址科学、发展特色经济、推进配套政策。