房屋建筑材用防腐剂的毒性试验

通过对十八种药剂配方(其中水溶性配方15种、油溶性配方3种)对木腐菌的毒性试验及对初筛后的配方进行流失后毒性试验,结果表明,水溶性配方中的铜铬砷即CCA_3、CCA_4、CCA_5,铜铬硼即CCB_5配方,以及油溶性配方中的P—B剂的毒性较大。     

Effect of Humus on Activity of Mineral-Bound Hg: III.Effect on Leachability and Transfer of Mineral-Bound Hg Under Acid Leaching Condition

Effects of humus fractions (fulvic acid, brown humic acid and grey humic acid) on the leachability and transferring activity of five types of mineral-bound Hg were investigated. Under the acid leaching condition; fulvic acid could promote leachability and vertical transference of all the mineral-bound Hg. Brown humic acid could retard the leaching and transferring processes of CaCO3-Hg, Fe2O3-Hg, MnO2-Hg and kaolinite Hg but not bentonite-Hg. Grey humic acid could greatly enhance residing ability of the mineral-bound Hg in the soil column and restrain them from vertical transferring. The effect of humus on leachability and transferring activity on the mineral-bound Hg was closely related to its ability to convert the mineral-bound Hg into organic-bound form and the transferability of the latter in the soil column. The characteristics of the mineral-bound Hg in speciation were the internal factors that determined the extent and rate of the influence of the humus.     

高效液相色谱测定多菌灵及三唑处理材的流失性能

为改善竹木制品的防霉防变色性能,及提高处理药剂的抗流失性,采用多菌灵(CBZ)、多菌灵与三唑化合物的混合溶液,分别处理马尾松试材后,在试材表面涂刷不同的疏水剂.采用高效液相色谱法,测定处理材中CBZ、三唑化合物的流失性能.结果表明,涂刷疏水剂后,处理材中CBZ、三唑的固着率显著提高,其中水性清漆的改善效果最好.     

阻燃剂DPB改性木材的抗流失性和化学稳定性

采用阻燃剂ＤＰＢ对大青杨木材的阻燃性、抗流失性和体积稳定性进行了分析测定,并探讨了ＤＰＢ作为林青杨木材的阻燃剂的处理效果。研究结果表明：ＤＰＢ是一种性能较好的木材阻燃剂,但处理木材的ＤＰＢ易流失,且化学稳定性很低。与ＰＦ树脂复配,可以大大提高处理木材的抗流失性及化学稳定性。为了增强化学改性木材的体积稳定性、防腐性和力学强度,复配药剂,使处理木材的品质得到综合性功能性改良。     

5-甲基多菌灵的防霉性和抗流失性

为开发防霉效果优良的木材用防霉剂,对2-氨基甲酸甲酯苯并咪唑(多菌灵,MBC)进行改性,得到2-氨基甲酸甲酯-5-甲基苯并咪唑(MMBC).经检测MMBC处理材的防霉性和抗流失性,结果表明:MMBC的防霉性优于传统防霉剂五氯酚钠,且流失率较改性前有所降低.     

Enhancement of the biological resistance of wood by phenylboronic acid treatment

Phenylboronic acid (PBA) was tested in terms of boron leachability from treated wood. In addition, the fungal and termiticidal efficacy of PBA-impregnated sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood was tested against the decay fungi Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quel. and Tyromyces palustris (Berk. et Curt) Murr., representing white-rot and brown-rot fungi, respectively, and the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Ion chromatography analysis of hot water extracts of treated wood before and after leaching indicated that PBA is considerably resistant to water leaching, and saturation of the treatment solution increased the fixation ratio of boron in wood, whereas boric acid could not remain in wood impregnated even with the saturated solution. Decay test results revealed the excellent bioactive performance of PBA. Wood treated with 0.34% PBA solution was found resistant to both decay fungi, even after running-water leaching for 10 days and treatment with 1.00% PBA completely inactivated the Formosan subterranean termite for the leached specimens. Weight gain levels were 0.18% w/w (0.46kg/m³) and 0.99% w/w (2.49kg/m³) for these concentration levels, respectively, after being leached by running water. Contrary to the general belief that boron is a slow-acting toxicant against termites and unable to prevent mass loss of treated wood, PBA acted rapidly, and the mass loss caused by termites was low.This study was presented in part at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April, 1997     

酸雨对含磷物质钝化修复的农田土壤磷流失的影响

为探讨酸雨对经不同含磷物质钝化修复的镉污染农田土壤磷流失和磷有效性的影响,本研究选用磷酸二氢钙(MCP)、磷酸二氢铵(MAP)和磷酸二氢钾(MKP)3种典型含磷物质对镉污染农田土壤进行室内钝化试验,在室温下培养3个月。采用两种类型[硫酸型酸雨(SSAR)和混合型酸雨(SMAR)]、3种酸度(pH=3.0、4.0、5.6)的模拟酸雨(SAR)对钝化修复后土壤进行浸泡处理,并测定酸雨浸出液的总水溶性磷(TDP)和土壤的有效磷(AP)。结果表明:在各种酸雨条件下,MAP和MKP处理的土壤磷浸出率均显著高于对照组(CK),它们的磷浸出率分别达32.63%～38.57%和41.48%～49.29%,而MCP处理的磷浸出率与CK相比无显著差异。土壤磷浸出率随酸雨pH值的升高而降低,且SSAR处理的磷浸出率高于SMAR处理。3种含磷物质的添加均显著增加了土壤有效磷的含量,但在SAR处理后,土壤有效磷含量显著下降,且呈现MCPMAPMKP的规律。此外,SSAR处理的有效磷含量低于SMAR处理。因此,从土壤磷流失与磷有效性的角度考虑,MCP比MAP和MKP更适合于酸雨区镉污染农田土壤的钝化修复。     

模拟酸雨对羟基磷灰石稳定化土壤镉的分布、可浸出性及生物可给性的影响

通过室内土柱淋溶实验,以0.5%的质量比向镉污染土壤中添加羟基磷灰石(HAP),以不施HAP土壤为对照,考察p H 3.5、4.5和5.6的模拟酸雨对土壤镉的分布、可浸出性、生物可给性及其健康风险的影响。结果表明:酸雨淋溶显著降低了对照处理表层土壤p H,添加HAP增加了土壤对酸雨淋洗的缓冲能力,土壤p H较对照高约1个单位。对照处理酸雨p H的降低加剧了Cd在土柱内的下移,但HAP处理各土层全Cd分别较对照0~5 cm和5~10 cm土壤高出8.54~10.0、3.13~3.29 mg·kg-1。对照处理土壤在酸雨作用下可浸出性Cd含量从0~5 cm的0.17~0.23 mg·L-1增加到10~20 cm的0.61~0.68 mg·L-1,但HAP处理各土层可浸出性Cd维持在0.45~0.50 mg·L-1。总体上,对照和HAP处理土壤胃液和肠液阶段溶解态Cd含量及胃液阶段Cd的生物可给性均随酸雨p H的降低而降低。与对照相比,HAP处理土壤增加了胃液和肠液阶段溶解态Cd含量及胃液阶段Cd的生物可给性,但显著降低了肠液阶段Cd的生物可给性。对照和HAP处理土壤胃液和肠液阶段无意摄入土壤中Cd对儿童的每月允许摄入量PTMI(Provisional tolerable monthly intake)贡献率均随酸雨p H的降低而降低,且HAP处理显著高于对照。以上结果表明高强度酸雨淋溶下,HAP能够有效提高土壤对酸雨的缓冲能力,降低土壤Cd的淋失,但增加了表层土壤Cd的生物可给性及人体健康风险,需要引起特别关注。     

三种铜-季铵盐防腐剂的抗流失性及对木材材色的影响

研究了3种季铵盐与铜复配后的防腐剂的抗流失性和对木材材色的影响。结果表明：3种防腐剂均在较低温度下后续固着效果较好。后续固着温度为15℃，处理药液浓度为0.5%的条件下，FFJ－2的固着效果最好。但处理后对材色的影响较大。     

木材阻燃剂WFRJ1的抗流失性与化学稳定性

采用阻燃剂ＷＦＲＪ１处理大青杨木材,对其阻燃性、抗流失性和化学稳定性进行了分析测定,并探讨了阻燃剂ＷＦＲＪ１作为大青杨木材的阻燃剂的处理效果。研究结果表明：ＷＦＲＪ１是一种性能良好的木材阻燃剂,并且与水溶性树脂复配,可以大大提高处理木材的抗流失性和化学稳定性,增强化学改性木材的体积稳定性、防腐性能和力不强度。复配药剂使处理木材的品质得到综合性功能性改良。