农民接触农药防护措施及对机体影响的研究

了解农民接触农药时采用的防护措施及对机体的影响,对合格对象进行流行病学问卷调查及精液检测,发现农民在配、喷农药及检修喷药器械时未能安全合理使用防护措施;受教育程度与接触农药防护态度有关;长期小剂量接触农药对不稳定细胞有损害。建议为减少或避免农药中毒,政府应加强对农民进行农药基本知识、安全合理使用的宣传教育、推广和普及;增强农民遵守安全操作规程的自我保护意识。     

农药混配室内毒力测定的一种实验技术

本文介绍了一种用于测定杀菌剂之间相互作用的实验设计，笔者借且作杀虫剂混配室内毒力测定，该实验设计具有覆盖面宽，成功率高，工作量小等特点。     

印楝杀虫剂防治蝗虫的应用前景

印楝杀虫剂是公认的最优秀的生物农药之一，在环境中无残留，对非靶标生物安全，对中华稻蝗(Oxyachinensis)、东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)、黄脊竹蝗(Ceraoris kiangsu)、青脊竹蝗(Ceraoris nigricornis)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、血黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)和泣黑背蝗(Eyprepocnermis plorclnS)等多种蝗虫具有优异的杀虫活性，并具有独特的杀虫作用机理，是防治蝗虫的理想药剂。     

甘蓝多酚氧化酶的生物化学性质及其杀虫剂的诱导作用

采用时间动力学法,在研究了甘蓝多酚氧化酶的最适反应条件的基础上,对有机溶剂和杀虫剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:甘蓝多酚氧化酶反应的最适pH值为6.4,最适反应温度为55℃;丙酮和乙醇对多酚氧化酶活性有明显的激活作用;高效氯氰菊酯、灭多威和辛硫磷以及小菜蛾和桃蚜取食的胁迫会对多酚氧化酶的活性产生影响。     

Comparative bioactivity of selected seed extracts from Brazilian Annona species and an acetogenin-based commercial bioinsecticide against Trichoplusia ni and Myzus persicae

The acute and chronic toxicity of ethanolic seed extracts from selected Brazilian Annona species (Annona montana Macfadyen, Annona mucosa Jacquin, Annona muricata Linnaeus, and Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil) and an acetogenin-based commercial bioinsecticide (Anosom^®) were investigated against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In the laboratory, extracts of A. mucosa and A. sylvatica as well as Anosom^® were especially active through oral and topical administration. A greenhouse trial showed that a formulated A. mucosa extract and Anosom^® were highly effective (>98% mortality) against third instar T. ni larvae, and comparable to a pyrethrin-based commercial insecticide (Insect Spray^®) used as a positive control. Similar to results with T. ni, A. mucosa extract showed the greatest aphicidal activity followed by A. sylvatica extract and Anosom^®. In another greenhouse trial, aphid population reduction from the formulated A. mucosa extract was superior to that provided by other treatments including the positive control. Though inferior to the A. mucosa extract, the acetogenin-based commercial insecticide (Anosom^®) and A. sylvatica extract also reduced aphid populations in a manner comparable to the positive control. Botanical insecticides based on these Annonaceae derivatives could be useful in the framework of Brassica IPM in Brazil and elsewhere, especially for organic production.     

Influence of acute exposure to a low dose of systemic insecticide fipronil on locomotor activity and emotional behavior in adult male mice

Fipronil (FPN) is a systemic insecticide that antagonizes the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA_A) receptors in insects. Recently, adverse effects of FPN on mammals have been reported, but most of those were caused by high doses of FPN and additives in the products. We investigated the effects of low-dose pure FPN on the emotional behavior of mice. Nine-week-old male mice conducted behavioral tests 24 hr after FPN administration by gavage at doses of 0.05 or 5 mg/kg based on the no-observed-effect level (NOEL), showed a significant increase in locomotor activity and dose-dependent responses on the time they spent in the central zone in the open field test. Pure FPN below the NOEL dose may affect the emotional behavior of mice.     

新型广谱杀虫药沙罗拉纳在国外伴侣动物体外寄生虫防治中的应用

沙罗拉纳(sarolaner)属异恶唑啉类化合物,是一种新型广谱杀虫药。沙罗拉纳已被证实通过特异性阻断昆虫γ-氨基丁酸受体和谷氨酸门控氯离子通道而显示出抗寄生虫活性。本文综述了近年来沙罗拉纳在国外伴侣动物体外寄生虫防治中的开发及临床应用情况,旨在为该药的深入研究和国内开发应用提供参考。近年来,该药主要用于犬猫等伴侣动物体外寄生虫的临床预防和治疗,对蜱类、蚤类、螨类等体外寄生虫有高效的杀灭作用。与其他杀虫药相比,该药在分子结构、作用位点和选择性等方面有显著差异,具有杀虫活性强、治疗剂量低、安全性高等优点。此外,该药通过与多种药物联合应用,可提高治疗效果,扩大治疗范围。就国外研究来看,沙罗拉纳是一种安全广谱的高效杀虫剂,拥有广阔的应用前景。