不同药剂、不同药械防除小麦田杂草田间药效对比试验

作者简介:张祥,男,1977年生,安徽六安人,高级农艺师,本科学历,从事种子农药管理和农业执法工作,邮箱:14025035@qq.com。     

Inheritance and reliability of random amplified polymorphic DNA-markers in two consecutive generations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used in a variety of genetic studies in fisheries and aquaculture. Most population studies are performed without preliminary data demonstrating the Mendelian inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers. In this study, the inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers was examined in two consecutive generations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Variability and segregation of RAPD markers were investigated in one F₁ progeny and three F₂ progenies. Seventy-four RAPD markers were generated by five primers using DNA extracted from the initial ornamental (koi) common carp female and wild-type colour common carp male. Fifty-five of these RAPD markers were transmitted to the F₁ progeny and the inheritance patterns were analysed. Twenty RAPD markers were fully reproducible and demonstrated dominant simple Mendelian inheritance patterns in two consecutive generations. Twenty-four RAPD markers were not reproducible in all progenies. Thirteen markers displayed inheritance ratios in the progenies that did not fit simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. Non-reproducibility of RAPD markers and distorted ratios may be caused by the absence of amplification, poor amplification or by the appearance of artefact bands. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with poor reproducibility and non-Mendelian inheritance can lead to misinterpretations of data in population studies, resulting in errors in the estimation of genetic diversity within and between individual populations. Therefore, it is recommended to first identify the set of reproducible RAPD markers that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance before application of the RAPD technique in population studies.     

寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草监测与防治

草原是内蒙古地区草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展的基础,同时也是优质牧草的主要来源。有毒有害牧草生长扩散预示着草场退化,对当地草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展会造成毁灭性打击。有毒有害植物生长发育,不仅会危害牲畜健康且还会严重消耗土壤的水分和养分,妨碍优良牧草繁殖生长,使草场产量和质量显著下降。在长时间草场利用过程中,很多农牧民群众只注重索取,不注重生态环境保护,使草场生产能力和抵抗能力逐渐变差,给有毒有害牧草繁殖生长提供了条件。因此需要加强寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的监测,并采取针对性措施进行防控,降低发病率。该文主要探讨内蒙古呼伦贝尔市寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的种类,并提出相应的防治措施。     

燕麦在法库县种植推广的可行性探讨

介绍燕麦的营养价值及其市场前景,阐述法库县在土质、气候、地理环境、人文环境等方面种植燕麦的条件优势,通过对比种植燕麦与玉米的经济收益,探索燕麦在法库县种植的潜力。     

辽宁营口沿海产业基地民兴河盐碱土对3种引进草种耐盐性的影响

为了确定辽宁省营口沿海产业基地民兴河盐碱地特性,筛选适宜草种,进行盐碱地综合开发和利用.分析测定该地区不同季节不同土层各离子含量,配制土壤盐溶液,测定3种引进草种(NHC牧草、RWW麦草、WAFG 硷草)在不同盐浓度处理下的生理指标.结果显示:该地区土壤含盐量随季节和土层变化而变化,0～60 cm土层,春季含盐量1.42%～1.11%,夏季含盐量1.32%～0.62%.土壤Na 、Cl-与盐度相关系数分别为0.984、0.950,该地区土壤为NaCl型盐土.不同盐处理下, NHC牧草发芽率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量、鲜重、成活率均显著高于其他2种试材.NHC牧草萌发的临介土壤盐浓度为200 mmol/L,发芽率为75%,30 d成活率为57%.     

人工草地施肥技术的研究

试验结果表明,沙壤土碱草地上,施氮肥比施氮磷肥混施或施复合肥增产效果显著。而氮肥中又以施硝酸铵效果最好。667m2施硝酸铵10kg时增产甘草50．0kg,比对照增产76．8％,施肥时期以6月5日和6月20日效果较好,分别增产0．8％和72．3％。草地施肥不仅要考虑土壤、植被、产草量、肥料种类、施肥时期及牧草的生长发育阶段,还要注意水分条件,一般在降雨后或施肥后灌水最好。     

科尔沁草地的畜草平衡与草业发展途径的研究

根据实地调查和历年的统计资料，系统分析研究了科尔沁草地多年来草业发展速度落后于牲畜增长速度、畜草供需严重失衡的现状。结果表明，草地退化４５．９％，超载率达３６．１％。该地区发展草业的自然和社会经济条件优越，但必须采取以下措施才能达到畜草平衡的目的：加强合理利用和改良天然草地；发展人工饲草料基地，迅速增加种植畜牧业比例；大力发展秸秆及农副产品饲草料加工业     

伊克昭盟牧草和饲料作物应用增产菌技术的试验

199年伊克昭盟引入了牧草和饲料作物增产菌这一技术,经过7年的试验,示范及推广,至今全盟该增产菌应用面积已达4．04万hm^2,本文通过7年来在两种不同生境下,对12种牧草及作物的不同物修期采用不同方法施用增产菌,以鲜草产量和种子产量为衡量标准来探讨增产菌对不同牧草及作物的增产效果,实验结果表明：增产菌技术的应用,促进了植物的生长,使植株长高,叶面积增大,加强了光合作用,在提高鲜草产量的同时也增加了籽实的产量,具有较强的推广价值,是一项在农牧区适用的增产技术。     

匍匐翦股颖和狗牙根原生质体融合研究

以匍匐翦股颖克罗米和狗牙根新农1号为材料,通过愈伤诱导、继代和悬浮培养,进而细胞融合来探讨草坪草品种改良的新方法.结果表明:(1)匍匐翦股颖和狗牙根原生质体融合时酶解液的最佳组合为:1.5%纤维素酶、0.1%果胶酶、0.7M甘露醇,10h酶解时间,且酶解前应用高渗溶液预处理效果更佳;(2)细胞融合时,原生质体密度2×106个/mL,融合剂由30%的PEG4000、15mmol/L CaCl2·2H2O、0.5mmol/L KH2PO4·H2O、0.5mol/L甘露醇组成,并调pH至7.5效果较好;(3)匍匐翦股颖和狗牙根细胞PEG融合率约为5%,以30min融合时间效果较好,产生的多核融合体少,杂种细胞多呈条形,具有较强的活力.     

Perception of Asian carp as a possible food source among Missouri anglers

Silver and bighead carps were imported from China to the United States in the 1970s as a biological control mechanism for improving water quality. After escaping captivity, both species spread into the Mississippi River Basin and now threaten to enter the Great Lakes. Human consumption is one solution, but many Americans believe that carp is unsavory. A random sample of 2,000 licensed anglers in Missouri was asked to complete a mail-back questionnaire about Asian carp, yielding a 27% response rate (n = 465). Results indicated that knowledge and perception about carp were poor, and food neophobia (fear of new foods) scores were above average. Less than 15% of respondents had eaten carp, but nearly 53% were willing to try. Marketing should focus on the benefits of consumption while downplaying any possible concerns. Although education programs are worthwhile, taste might be more influential to change public attitudes toward Asian carp.