Differences in Wheat Cultivar Response to N Supply. I: Differences in Grain Yield Formation

Two-year field trials with winter wheat cultivars Batis and Toronto were conducted in Southern Bavaria, Germany, to investigate the possible causes of cultivar differences in response to N supply varying in total amount and time of application. Cultivar-related differences in grain yields were observed in treatments with low and medium N supply. High doses of N supply resulted in grain yield adjustment or grain yield advantage for cv. Toronto. The results of this study revealed a consistent, genotypic pattern in response to N fertilization in spite of strong seasonal effects. Systematic modifications in canopy growth rates in response to N supply were of particular relevance and a main factor for differences in tillering intensity resulting in modified stand densities. In the present study, cultivar differences in spike development and interactions with N supply related more to abortion than to initiation processes for number of spikelets and number of flowers per spikelet. High grain density (grains per m²) of cv. Toronto was evident during reproduction stages even under conditions of medium N supply. However, decreased growth rates during the later part of grain filling in combination with low 1000 grain weight, which was barely modified by N fertilization, allowed only partial utilization of this potential. It is assumed that sink limitations were of particular relevance for grain yield development in cv. Toronto, while cv. Batis combined a less intense response to N supply with more stability in the development of grain yield components.     

宁夏春小麦磷素利用效率的基因型差异研究

在不同施磷土壤条件下,采用肥料田间试验和测试分析方法,研究了宁夏春小麦磷素利用效率及其有关性状的基因型差异。结果表明,不论施磷与否,小麦籽粒产量、生物学产量、磷肥增产率、地上部茎叶和籽粒中含磷量以及磷素吸收累积量、磷素利用效率等均存在明显基因型差异,且这种差异在低磷条件下更为明显。在低磷条件下,籽粒生产中的磷素利用效率变化在160.1～448.3kg/kg之间,平均为223.1kg/kg,变异系数为23.05％;干物质生产中的磷素利用效率变化在332.6～898.5kg/kg之间,平均为458.4kg/kg,变异系数为22.57％。从中筛选出低磷高产高效品种8个。在较高供磷条件下,籽粒生产中的磷素利用效率变化在150.9～350.9kg/kg之间,平均为229.8kg/kg,变异系数为20.63％;于物质生产中的成素利用效率变化在358.3～746.5 kg/kg之间,平均为482.Ikg地,变异系数为 18.76％。从中筛选出高磷高产高效品种7个。通过相关分析,研究了不同供成条件下磷素利用效率与其它营养性状之间的关系,提出了培育磷高效品种的有用性状指标。     

蓝果忍冬成熟期结合力变化规律的测试分析

为了弄清成熟蓝果忍冬结合力的特性和变化规律、给机械化收获提供技术依据,在蓝果忍冬成熟期间对4个常见品种果实结合力进行了为期16天的跟踪测试。通过分析研究得出:所测试的4个蓝果忍冬品种的结合力分布在0.1~1.7 N之间(P0.05),各品种结合力分布区间略有不同,所测试的野生阿尔泰忍冬、蓓蕾的结合力高于蓝鸟和长白山野生蓝靛果忍冬;各品种结合力随时间呈现出不同程度的下降趋势;同一天内下午的结合力显著大于上午的结合力(P0.05);晴天与阴雨天的结合力无显著性差异。通过因子分析,可将影响结合力的因素测试时间、上下午、相对湿度、温度及天气状况转换成环境因子和时间因子。     

大英县近10年降水变化特点分析

利用大英县2004 ～2013年逐日降水资料,采用统计学方法,对大英近10年降水的实际变化特点、季节差异等进行简要阐述,并对直接影响工农业生产和人们生活、外出旅游以及交通运输等的暴雨进行了重点统计分析.结果表明,2004～2013年大英县年雨量和暴雨日数分布特征均呈单峰型,峰值均出现在7月;暴雨雨量、雨日与年降雨量存在明显的正相关关系;夏季同月雨量差距巨大;初秋的9月出现暴雨的概率较大,月雨量、暴雨出现次数均为全年的次高值;大英县出现秋绵雨的概率达50％,集中出现在9、10月.     

农村金融深化促进了农村产业融合发展吗?——基于区域差异视角的实证分析

在当前全社会高度重视金融服务乡村振兴的背景下,厘清农村金融深化对农村产业融合发展的影响至关重要。基于金融深化理论,利用2008—2017年中国省际面板数据,在测算农村产业融合发展水平和农村金融深化程度的基础上,采用FGLS方法和SYS-GMM方法,系统考察了农村金融深化对中国农村产业融合发展的影响及其区域差异。结果表明,农村金融深化程度和农村产业融合发展水平由2008年的1.029 5和1.039 3上升到2017年的2.717 4和2.604 8,年均增长率分别为11.39%和10.75%。农村金融深化显著促进了中国农村产业融合发展水平的提升,且这种影响存在明显的区域差异,相比于中西部地区,农村金融深化对农村产业融合发展的提升作用在东部地区更加显著。运用面板门槛模型检验发现,地区之间农村金融深化程度、农村人力资本水平和交通基础设施水平的不同,是造成农村金融深化对农村产业融合发展的影响存在区域差异的重要原因。因此,提出不断增加农村产业融合发展的金融供给,因地制宜实施农村产业融合发展的促进政策等建议。     

Soil property differences among high‐ and average‐yielding soya bean areas in Arkansas,USA

Soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields >6719 kg/ha (100 bu/ac) have only recently and infrequently been achieved. Quantifying soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas can help to further identify non‐plant‐related properties contributing to soya bean yield potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of region and soil depth on soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas. In each of the seven regions of the ‘Grow for the Green’ yield contest in Arkansas, prior to or just after harvest in 2014 and 2015, soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm of one contest high‐yield (HY ) area that was in close proximity to an average‐yield (AY ) area. Across all regions and both years, soya bean yields differed (P  <  0.05) between yield areas, averaging 4701 and 5498 kg/ha in AY and HY areas, respectively. Averaged across soil depth and years, numerous soil properties differed (P  <  0.05) between HY and AY areas within at least one of seven regions. Total soil C content was at least 20.2% greater in the HY than in the AY area in three of seven regions. Extractable soil P content was, on average, 19.4 kg/ha greater in HY than in AY areas in three of the seven regions. Results from this study have the potential to help producers better understand soil properties that contribute to or hinder achieving ultra‐high (>6719 kg/ha) soya bean yields.     

我国楠属种质资源分布现状及主要种特征差异

对福建、江西、浙江、湖南、湖北、贵州、重庆、四川、海南、云南及广西11省(自治区、直辖市)70个县(区、市)的楠属(Phoebe)树种种质资源进行详细调查,记录楠属种质资源分布、群落现状、木材利用及人工造林情况,对种质资源进行收集保存,并详细介绍主要树种的特征差异。调查发现,中国楠属树种资源主要分布在长江流域及以南地区,其中紫楠(P.sheareri)、闽楠(P.bournei)及白楠(P.neurantha)分布范围最广;综合比较生长速度和适应性,广西适宜推广种植的楠属树种有闽楠、桢楠(P.zhennan)及崖楠(P.yaiensis)。     

明胶骨原料碳、氮稳定同位素的地域性差异研究

为探讨不同地域来源的明胶骨原料中碳、氮稳定同位素的分布特征及其相关性,本试验采用元素分析-稳定同位素比率质谱仪测定了广西、内蒙古和山东3个主产区的牛骨样品及当地牧草饲料样品中的¹³C和¹⁵N同位素组成,并结合线性回归讨论了牛骨样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的相关性与牛食谱组成的关系。结果表明,广西地区骨样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的相关性较好(R²=0.401 8),而内蒙古和山东地区骨样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的相关性较差(R²<0.1),反映了3地牛食物的来源稳定性及主要成分存在明显差异,对各地牛食谱结构推测的结果与实际牧草饲料样品中δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值的地区分布规律也较为一致。本研究初步揭示了明胶骨原料中碳、氮稳定同位素产生地域性差异的原因,不仅为动物生态学研究提供了有益信息,更为动物制品产地溯源研究提供了新思路。     

Atmospheric humidity and genotype are key determinants of the diurnal stomatal conductance pattern

Great understanding of the genotypic difference in diurnal stomatal conductance (g_s) pattern and the key determinants of the pattern is important for saving water by adopting cultivars appropriately. Fifteen wheat genotypes were studied under different soil conditions and various meteorological conditions with pot cultivation in rain shelter for two years. Genotype and air humidity were found to be key determinants of diurnal g_s pattern. All genotypes under low relative humidity (LRH) and most genotypes under high relative humidity (HRH) displayed a gradual decline pattern from morning through the afternoon. Under moderate relative humidity (MRH), all genotypes present a single-peak curve pattern, but they differed in peak time, which may lead to unreliable g_s comparison between genotypes and get ostensible contrasting materials. The stomatal conductance was significantly different among genotypes under LRH and the increased g_s magnitude is also significantly different when it was compared between LRH and HRH. The present results provide new thinking for selecting and adopting appropriate cultivars with specific stomata traits for the area with various meteorological conditions.