Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. ^Note     

木瓜剖分原理研究及新机型设计

针对我国目前对木瓜剖半设备研究较少,剖切方式不合理,切割效果差等问题,设计开发了新型木瓜剖半机。该机切割方式选用滑切切割的方式,由运料系统、切割系统、出料系统组成,设计合理,结构简单。为此,计算了滑切角、切割角等主要切割参数,并给出了新型剖半机的主要技术参数。试验表明:该机切割效果好,能够有效提高生产效率。     

研究森林变化对河川水沙影响的一种便捷方法──以四川省都江堰市白沙河为例

依据航片判读、森林资源调查资料和水文数据，利用流域自身对比法，得出森林变化对河川径流泥沙的定量关系。文中还阐明本方法的技术关键——消除降雨量不同对水沙的影响．该方法具有适合我国国情、费小效宏、精度较高、简捷易行等优点，值得推广提倡。     

基于工作流的ERP系统重构的研究

分析了企业现有ERP系统运营存在的缺陷，提出了适合本企业的基于工作流的ERP系统重构的开发方案。     

Preliminary Research on Regional Material Flow Analysis： A Case Study of Chengyang District in Qingdao

The method ＂Material Flow Analysis （MFA）＂ is one of the effective tools to study law and quantification of material flow between economic system and ecological system. On the national level, economy-wide material flow analysis has been published for a number of countries. However, published studies on the regional or local level are still very limited and a standardized method does not exist yet. On the basis of framework of Material Flow Analysis proposed by Eurostat, the paper collected related data and analyzed material input and output for the Chengyang district in Qingdao. The results showed that DMI （Direct Material Input） and TMR （Total Material Requirement） in absolute number increased about 3.6 and 3.9 times, respectively from 1995 to 2004. Fossil fuel and mineral contributed to about 50.3%-76.3% of DMI. Imports of material increased about 5.0 times and became the most important Contributor to DMI, which showed that local economic growth was highly dependent on resources from other regions and countries. DPO （Domestic Processed Output） and TDO （Total Domestic Output） represent slow increasing trend, and DPO contributed to 22.2%-58.1% of TDO, suggesting local hidden flows were of obvious effect on TDO. The biggest component of DPO is CO2, approximately accounting for 90% of DPO. The material productivity increased 57.7% in last decade, reflecting improvement of efficiency of resources utilization in some extent. However, compared to developed countries and regions, material productivity of Chengyang district was relatively low. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainability, it is essential to develop circular economy and enhance materials productivity.     

Movements by wild brown trout in a boreal river: response to habitat and flow contrasts

Abstract  Radio transmitters were implanted in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in the River Måna at low summer water flows ( n  = 18), higher flow in summer ( n  =   20), and variable, peaking flows in autumn ( n  =   20), and tracked two to four times day and night for 4–5 weeks. Individuals were caught and released in a 4-km uniformly channelised section, and in a 4-km natural diverse river section. Substantial individual variation in home range and total movement (924–85 818 m² and 295–7014 m) suggested flexibility to adapt to local environmental conditions. Fish were stationary most of the time (median movement 0 m), but some individuals undertook few and apparently sporadic longer movements, sometimes involving shifts in home range. No consistent diurnal pattern in movements was found. Trout in the uniform habitat section appeared to have larger home ranges and moved more than trout in the natural section. Differences were, however, not statistically significant in most comparisons, due to large individual variation. Similarly, larger home ranges and movements between trials related to higher flow were found, but differences were generally not significant. No consistent effects of sudden, extreme peaking flows on area use or movements by the brown trout were observed.     

变量喷雾装置响应性能的试验研究

采用GPS定位和雷达测速技术,构建了一套变量喷雾装置,并开发设计出其相应的软件控制系统。在试验研究过程中,通过实时监测喷雾参数来描述喷雾过程的动态特性,以此测定该变量喷雾控制系统的响应能力,并为喷雾处方图与变量喷雾装置的精度匹配提供可靠依据。试验结果表明,变量喷雾装置的定量喷雾误差控制在4.65%以内前提之下,响应延时会影响到变量喷雾作业的均匀性,选择合适的行进速度以及设置一定的预留时间能在一定程度上减少这种影响。     

暖通空调自控系统中调节阀口径的选择

在暖通空调(HVAC)系统的自动化控制中,调节阀口径大小的选择会直接影响到自控系统的调节特性,从而影响到空调系统的节能效果和设备运作效率。文章以南京禄口机场物流中心空调自控系统为例,介绍如何选择空调自控系统中阀门口径。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

绕流波动特性对不同区域流动传热影响

为研究换热设备后向台阶内置圆柱模型的强化传热机理,采用Fluent进行数值模拟,并通过PIV粒子图像测速方法验证模拟结果的可靠性.研究雷诺数为700后向台阶内置圆柱(X_c/S=0.6,Y_c/S=1.0,d=6 mm)时,后向台阶流道不稳定流动的周期性,以及周期波动对流道不同区域传热的影响.研究结果表明：在过渡流状态下,流道周期速度波动受两基波频率影响,即台阶影响的频率f_s=7.25 Hz和受圆柱影响的频率f_c=14.10 Hz;f_c主要作用在流道上游局部区域,上游回流运动被破坏,努赛尔数瞬时峰值提高2.52倍;f_c促进台阶振动频率f_s提前产生,下游温度梯度减小,瞬时努赛尔数逐渐减小;台阶分离流体与圆柱尾流共同作用使得流道换热效果整体提升,同时壁面摩擦系数也增大.