沼液浸种增强早稻秧苗耐冷效应─—叶肉细胞超微结构动态观察

经沼液浸种的早稻秧苗比对照组秧苗，具有较强的耐冷性，通过电镜对叶肉细胞超微结构动态观察证实，在低温（５°／５℃）下，叶绿体结构和细胞核结构，随着冷害天数的延长，伤害在不断加重，叶绿体结构会出现空洞，基质片断裂，直至崩溃。细胞核染色体凝集，核膜破裂，核内容物丧失等现象出现。而经沼液浸种的秧苗伤害程度有较明显的减轻。     

大豆专用肥对轮作,连作大豆叶片超微结构的影响

本文通过透射电镜观察了常规施肥与施用大豆专用复肥对轮作。连作大豆叶片超微结构的影响。结果发现，大豆连作导致叶绿体基粒片层结构破坏，淀粉粒积累，基粒片层结构出现“空隙区”。与常规施肥相比，施用复肥增强了轮作，连作大豆叶片叶绿体基粒片层结构的完整性，增加了基粒数量和基粒片层数，为促进大豆叶片的光合作用创造了条件，相关分析表明，叶绿体基粒片层数与大豆植株营养生长呈显著正相关。     

埋地钢管外防腐层腐蚀检测方法及应用

介绍了埋地钢管外防腐层破损点定位检测的三种方法，即管道电流衰减法（PCM）、电位梯度检测法和瞬变电磁法（TEM），这些方法是在管道不开挖情况下进行检测的，管道电流衰减法可评价管道防腐层的总体状况，电位梯度检测法可对管道破损点进行精确定位，瞬变电磁法则可给出管体蚀失量，关对管体性能做出评价。通过实例分析了这三种方法检测管道的腐蚀状况。     

东方次睾吸虫电镜研究 Ⅲ、精子和精子发生

本文应用透射电镜研究了东方次睾吸虫精子的超微结构及其发生过程。东方次睾吸虫的精子划分为3段:第1段主要包括核和一根鞭毛轴丝;第2段包括较细的核和两根鞭毛轴丝;第3段则由两根鞭毛轴丝组成。第1、2段合称为精子的头部,第3段称精子的尾部。鞭毛为9+“1”的形式,中心有螺旋形的结构。精子发生过程与其他吸虫基本相同。精母细胞和精子细胞都呈玫瑰花状排列。精子细胞成熟过程中出现特殊的分化区域,许多微管排列在膜的内侧,核向分化区域旋转、移动和浓缩;附近出现两对带有小根的中心粒,两根鞭毛由此突出。     

Further data to the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Out of a total of 224 bovine eye secretions, 126 Moraxella bovis and 64 Neisseria ovis strains were isolated. The pathogenesis and histological lesions caused by Neisseria ovis have been studied on the eyes of three calves naturally affected with IBK, using electron microscopy.

Neisseria ovis caused in 1–12 weeks old calves acute, transient and mostly benign serous conjunctivitis with only slight affection of the cornea. More rarely erosions and even ulceration of the cornea have been observed.

Moraxella bovis and Neisseria ovis strains proved nearly unanimously sensitive in vitro to chloramphenicol, neomycin, oxytetracyclin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and cefoperazone. Other antibiotics and chemotherapeutics inhibited the growth of these agents only partly or were ineffective.

Experimental therapy has been carried out using a single i.m. injection of Terramycin/LA inj. (Pfizer) in a dose of 20 mg/kg body mass, repeated if necessary after 72–96 h. This formulation proved more effective and practical than treatments used earlier.     

Effects of Salinity Stress on the Seminal Root Tip Ultrastructures of Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

Growth and structural changes in the seminal root tip of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) in response to NaCl salinity were studied. Seedlings were grown in agar medium with 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% NaCl(agar culture), and in water with 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.1% NaCl (water culture). Seedling growth was significantly suppressed by higher concentrations of NaCl. The effect of NaCl appeared faster in water culture than in agar culture. In both agar and water cultures, root growth was markedly suppressed over shoot growth. Under saline conditions, epidermis, cortex and root cap cells appear to be damaged to a greater extent than the meristem and stelar cells. The most notable ultrastructural change in response to salinity was the development and increment of vacuoles, which seem to provide a space for accumulation of excess ions. Many electron dense deposits were observed in the larger vacuoles of the epidermal and cortical cells. Under saline conditions, cell wall thickening of the epidermis, an increase in endoplasmic reticulum, myelin figures, less compact Golgi bodies and inhibited production of Golgi vesicles were also observed.     

Hull to caryopsis adhesion and grain skinning in malting barley: Identification of key growth stages in the adhesion process

Strong adhesion between the hull and the caryopsis is essential for barley to be of good malting quality. Poor hull adhesion, a condition known as grain skinning, is undesirable for malting and downstream processes. At present, the processes mediating hull adhesion during grain development are poorly understood. The barley cultivar Chariot was grown in greenhouse conditions and grain development was recorded at defined growth stages to examine the timing of hull adhesion. Initiation of adhesion was first observed when caryopsis fresh weight and volume were approaching their maximum at 19 days after anthesis, during early dough. Hull adhesion was complete by 27 days after anthesis, or soft dough. Sections of developing grains were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy to examine a lipid-rich cementing layer believed to be responsible for adhesion between the hull and the pericarp. Evidence for a lipid-rich cementing material was supported by the observation that neither pectinase nor cellulase effected hull loosening. Grain growth, the presence of globular material originating from the pericarp and an electron dense material in the cementing layer are discussed in relation to hull adhesion. Grain skinning could be caused by poor adherence of cuticular material or inadequate fusion between cuticles.     

玉米南方锈病菌的超微结构研究

认识玉米南方锈菌的超微结构特征和侵染过程的细胞学特征,可为南方锈菌致病机理和玉米抗锈机制研究提供重要依据。本研究采集玉米品种‘郑丹958’和‘先玉335’自然发病的南方锈病病叶,4%戊二醛固定液抽气固定,采用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术进行观察。结果表明,玉米南方锈病菌的胞间菌丝呈丝状,胞间菌丝和胞内菌丝细胞核在不同感病玉米品种之间具有单核或者双核的差异;胞间菌丝与寄主细胞接触诱导吸器母细胞的分化,吸器母细胞穿透寄主细胞壁在细胞内形成吸器;寄主细胞质膜在吸器的侵入部位内陷,随着吸器的发育,在吸器颈部周围形成胼胝质并将吸器颈部完全包围起来;夏孢子表面具密致、交错排列的刺突,刺突基部外围存在圆形凹陷的脊。本研究揭示了玉米南方锈菌基本超微结构特征和侵染机构(吸器)细胞学特征,并对其在不同品种细胞内的核相进行了分析,为玉米南方锈菌组织病理学研究奠定重要基础。