天然芸苔素内酯缓解胺苯磺隆对后茬水稻药害的作用机理初探

通过测定天然芸苔素内酯对水稻幼苗谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性以及在离体和活体条件下对水稻幼苗乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活力的影响,研究天然芸苔素内酯减轻胺苯磺隆对水稻药害的作用机理。结果表明,其作用机理与水稻幼苗GSH含量、GST活性变化没有太大相关性,可能与其能间接激活水稻幼苗ALS活力有较大相关。     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。     

Effects of deltamethrin on hematological parameters and enzymatic activity in Ancistrus multispinis (Pisces, Teleostei)

Deltamethrin (DM) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in Brazilian crops and in pest-control programs because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. It has been shown to exert a wide range of effects on non-targeted organisms including fishes. The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of deltamethrin through the hematological and biochemical parameters using Ancistrus multispinis as animal model. First, blood of A. multispinis was collected by cardiac puncture in order to evaluate the basal values of the total cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit rates. A. multispinis showed low number leukocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin compared to other species. The intoxication with DM (0.1 or 0.3 mg kg⁻¹) induced leukocytosis and increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels 96 h after the injection when compared to vehicle-injected animals. The injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also induced a significant leukocytosis and increased the erythrocytes number 4 h after the injection. The combination of the higher dose of DM with LPS showed an additional effect in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes. The GST and EROD activities were also evaluated in the gills and liver, respectively, 96 h after intoxication with both doses of DM. The GST activity decreased after DM intoxication in both doses while EROD activity was not significantly different. These results suggest that A. multispinis is a valuable model for ecotoxicological studies. Also, DM can affect the metabolizing system (GST) and immunologic system of A. multispinis, a condition that can be worsened in the presence of inflammation or infection.     

多氯联苯(PCBl254)对栉孔扇贝消化盲囊和鳃丝EROD、GST酶活力的影响

研究了4种质量浓度（0．5μg／L、1μg／L、10μg／L、50μg／L）PCB1254暴露下，栉孔扇贝（Chlamys ferrari）消化盲囊和鳃丝7-乙氧基-3-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶（EROD）、谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）活力的变化。于实验开始后0、0．5d、1d、3d、6d、9d、15d、21d、30d取样测定，结果显示，除鳃丝EROD活力在低质量浓度（0．5μg／L和1．0μg/L）随时间变化不明显（P〉0．05）外，其他各处理组PCB1254对栉孔扇贝消化盲囊和鳃丝的EROD都具有明显的激活作用，而且具有明显的剂量-效应关系。低浓度（0．5μg/L、1．0μg/L）处理下，消化盲囊和鳃丝的GST活力都呈现激活的趋势，而高浓度（10μg/L、50μg/L）下，GST活力都呈现先上升后下降的趋势，且鳃丝GST活力变化幅度较为明显。结果表明，EROD和GST活力的变化在一定程度上能够反应PCBs对栉孔扇贝影响的规律性，是合适的毒理学指标，栉孔扇贝是比较好的评价多氯联苯污染的指示生物，本研究也对栉孔扇贝对多氯联苯的生物转化机制作了初步的探讨。[中国水产科学，2008，15（2）：342-346]     

Characterization of hepatic and extrahepatic glutathione S-transferases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their induction by 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl

Liver, kidney, gill and olfactory epithelium cytosolic fractions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for glutathione S-transferase (GST) contents. Proteins retained on a glutathione (GSH)-affinity matrix were separated as monomers by reversed-phase HPLC and characterized by immunoblotting, mass spectrometry and partial amino acid sequence. For each organ concerned, a specific pattern of these proteins was determined and appeared similar for liver and kidney on one hand, and for gill and olfactory epithelium on the other hand. It was confirmed that the prominent hepatic GST is a class enzyme, also constitutively expressed as a major isoform in the four organs studied. Moreover, a class variant and two new class GST subunits were characterized in minor fractions. An unknown protein, which was found major in gills and olfactory epithelium, exhibited some characteristics of class GSTs. Occurrence of possible GSH-adduct formation observed on two distinct monomers in specific experimental conditions is discussed. These results and methods were used to investigate the effect of 3,3,4,4-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), on GST expression in trout liver. From HPLC-profiling, significant co-induction of the major class and the two minor class GST subunits was observed in trout after waterborne exposure to TCB which was followed by a slight increase in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) activity. The present work allows qualitative evaluation of the specific detoxification potential of rainbow trout. The use of HPLC-profiling of GSTs as a possible tool for the biomonitoring of polluted aquatic environment is suggested.     

萘二甲酐减轻咪唑乙烟酸对油菜药害的效果和解毒机理初报

采用模拟咪唑乙烟酸土壤残留,以油菜盆栽试验研究萘二甲酐对咪唑乙烟酸土壤残留的解毒效果和解毒机理。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸25g ai/hm2用量下对油菜有较重药害,可使油菜苗的株高、鲜重等生长指标和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活力、氨基酸含量等生理指标明显降低。用种子重量0.5%萘二甲酐（NA）湿润拌种处理油菜种子能减轻咪唑乙烟酸对油菜苗的药害。萘二甲酐+咪唑乙烟酸处理的油菜苗株高和鲜重明显高于咪唑乙烟酸处理。萘二甲酐和咪唑乙烟酸都能导致油菜苗的氨基酸含量发生变化,并对GSH含量和GST活力有不同程度的影响。与咪唑乙烟酸25g ai/hm2处理相比,萘二甲酐加入咪唑乙烟酸后,使16种氨基酸含量升高,只有脯氨酸含量降低,氨基酸总量升高;GSH含量略有增加,但GST活力有显著提高。可以认为提高油菜苗氨基酸含量和GST的活力是萘二甲酐对咪唑乙烟酸解毒的重要途径。     

Activities of biotransformation enzymes in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and their modulation by in vivo administration of mebendazole and flubendazole

Basal activities of certain pheasant hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes and modulation of their activities by anthelmintics flubendazole (FLBZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) were investigated in subcellular fractions that were prepared from liver and small intestine of control and FLBZ or MBZ treated birds. Several oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzyme activities were assessed. In the liver, treatment of pheasants by FLBZ or MBZ caused very slight or no changes in monooxygenase activities and conjugation enzymes. More significative changes were detected in small intestine. Metyrapone and daunorubicin reductase activities were increased by both substances in the liver. This is the first evidence that certain benzimidazoles modulate reductases of carbonyl group. With respect to the relatively slight extent of the changes caused by FLBZ or MBZ we can assume that repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both FLBZ and MBZ has probably no serious influence on pheasant biotransformation enzyme system.     

抗谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

以纯化的谷胱甘肽转移酶标签蛋白(GST)免疫Balb/C小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与NSO骨髓瘤细胞按常规方法融合,用纯化的GST经间接ELISA筛选,阳性孔经3次有限稀释法亚克隆,最终获得2株抗GST的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4B7-F4和4B7-F4.间接ELISA检测4B7-E4、4B7-F4细胞培养上清的效价分...