Chemical Composition of Green Tea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis>) Infusions Commercialized in Portugal

To evaluate the potential benefits and risks associated with tea consumption it is important to identify the constituents of this beverage. Levels of some minerals, caffeine and catechins in green tea samples commercialized in Portugal were evaluated. Potassium is the metal present in larger amount (92–151 mg/l). The content of sodium, calcium, fluoride, aluminium, manganese and iron were 35–69, 1.9–3.5, 0.80–2.0, 1.0–2.2, 0.52–1.9, 0.020–0.128 mg/l, respectively. Chromium and selenium were not detected. The resulting data showed considerable variability in catechins content. The levels of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ranged from 117 to 442 mg/l, epicatechin 3-gallate (EGC) from 203 to 471 mg/l, epigallocatechin (ECG) from 16.9 to 150 mg/l, epicatechin (EC) from 25 to 81 mg/l and catechin (C) from 9.03 to 115 mg/l. Caffeine contents in the green tea infusions studied were between 141–338 mg/l. Green tea infusions provide significant amounts of catechins and could be an important source of some minerals.     

家蚕幼虫氟中毒和质型多角体病毒感染后血淋巴中几种维生素含量的变化

运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术测定了家蚕五龄幼虫氟中毒和质型多角体病毒(CPV)感染后血淋巴中几种水溶性维生素含量的变化.为研究家蚕氟中毒和CPV感染的机理提供了依据.     

水样中氟化物的测定方法比较

研究了氟离子选择性电极法和氟试剂分光光度法测定水样中氟化物的差异,探讨了2种方法的优劣.结果表明:电极法标准曲线的相关性好于分光光度法;氟化物浓度为5～10mg/L时,2种方法准确度和精密度在0.05水平上无差异;电极法的回收率高于分光光度法;电极法的最低检出限为0.011 mg/L,分光光度法的最低检出限为0.037mg/L.     

低温条件下溴甲烷和硫酰氟对紫穗槐豆象的毒力

熏蒸环境温度为5℃、10℃的条件下,设计6～10个不同剂量分别开展溴甲烷和硫酰氟熏蒸杀灭紫穗槐种子携带紫穗槐豆象(Acanthoscelides pallidipennis)老熟幼虫的毒力试验,应用PoloPlus软件进行机率值分析的结果表明:在5℃条件下,预计紫穗槐豆象老熟幼虫达到99.9968%死亡率所要求的CT值(Lct_(99.9968))为溴甲烷2855.7g.h/m~3、硫酰氟3973.5g.h/m~3,熏蒸24h所需剂量为119.3g/m~3、158.7g/m~3;在10℃条件下,Lct_(99.9968)为溴甲烷2145.2g.h/m~3、硫酰氟1436.3g.h/m~3,熏蒸24h所需剂量为88.1g/m~3、59.0g/m~3。因此,随着熏蒸温度的提高,硫酰氟对紫穗槐豆象老熟幼虫的毒力作用增长明显,可作为进出口紫穗槐种子检疫处理的有效熏蒸剂,但熏蒸的环境温度须高于10℃。     

春用多丝量耐氟蚕品种华峰、雪松的育成

用杂交育种方法经春、夏、秋多种环境培育，增加抗逆性，选育成中系华峰和日系雪松新蚕品种。其杂交种经多次中试、鉴定表明，小蚕可耐氟化物６０－７０ｐｐｍ，大蚕９０ｐｐｍ以上，比现行春用多丝量品种耐氟性提高一倍左右，茧丝质优良，万蚕收茧量２３－２５公斤，茧层率２５％－２６％，茧丝长１３００－１４００米，出丝率１９％－２０％，强力为４．１３克／旦，茧丝均方差小。其张产茧量、产值均高于对照种，特别在氟污染蚕区增产效益更明显，是春、秋兼用的良种。     

氟离子、磷酸根和铬酸根在可变电荷土壤表面吸附过程中羟基释放动力学

用恒pH自动电位滴定装置研究了氟离子(F-)、磷酸根(H2PO4-)和铬酸根(CrO42-)在3种可变电荷土壤表面吸附过程中羟基(-OH)释放的动力学。研究结果表明,3种阴离子在可变电荷土壤表面吸附时-OH释放量的大小顺序为:F->>H2PO4->CrO42-,这与土壤对3种阴离子吸附量的大小顺序一致。pH对不同阴离子体系中-OH释放的影响不同,在F-体系中,pH5.0时-OH释放量最高,其次为pH6.0时,pH4.0时-OH释放量最小;CrO42-体系中-OH释放量随pH的增加而减小;pH对H2PO4-体系中-OH释放的影响较小。Elovich方程(Y=a kln(t))能够很好拟合2～60min之间的动力学数据,说明-OH释放的速率随时间增加而减小。比较速率常数k的大小可以发现,虽然F-体系中3种可变电荷土壤在前2min释放的-OH量有很大差异,但在2～60min内,-OH释放速率差别不大。在H2PO4-和CrO42-体系中,-OH释放速率的大小顺序是:昆明砖红壤>徐闻砖红壤>江西红壤,与土壤铁、铝氧化物含量一致。     

不同营养条件下氟对小鼠肝肾及心肌的影响

将64只昆明鼠分为4组,分别给以0,25,50,100mgF／L的饮水,每组动物再分为两小组,设一个低营养组,一个高营养组,以比较相同饮水氟于不同营养条件下肝、肾及心肌的损伤情况。结果表明,在给氟90d时,50及100mgF／L组动物的肝脏可见脂肪及水泡变性,肾脏皮质肾小管上皮可见水泡变性,心肌纤维着色不匀,个别纤维可见颗粒变性。相同氟水平下不同营养组间比较,高营养组上述变化明显减轻,表明补充营养可以缓减氟对软组织的损伤。     

不同氟添加量对油菜生长及土壤化学性状的影响

[目的]探讨肥料中不同氟添加量对油菜生长及土壤化学性状的影响。[方法]采用油菜盆栽试验,通过比较不同氟添加量下的油菜产量、品质、生长特性及土壤化学性状,得到限制油菜生长的肥料氟化物阈值。[结果]肥料中添加氟对油菜生长有抑制作用,以200 mg/kg的添加量为临界值,大于此添加量油菜产量显著降低,与无氟添加量相比,油菜产量降低27.38%~37.82%;随氟添加量的增加,油菜蛋白质含量、含油量、可溶性糖含量均呈递减趋势,与无氟添加量相比,其含量显著降低的氟添加量临界值分别为300、200、100mg/kg;施氟处理的油菜根系活力降低12.04%~41.83%,差异显著,而氟添加量为300~500 mg/kg处理的叶绿素含量显著降低,降低幅度为19.09%~32.11%;当氟添加量300 mg/kg时,土壤总氟含量显著增加,并超过油菜的耐氟阈值,土壤p H提高3.56%~7.73%。[结论]肥料中氟化物含量不宜超过300 mg/kg。     

Growth,feed efficiency and blood profile of buffalo calves consuming high levels of fluoride

Twelve male buffalo calves of 10 to 12 months of age were divided into 3 groups of four each. They were fed wheat straw+concentrate mixture +3 Kg greens. The chemical composition of the diet was same in all the three groups except fluoride which was added (as NaF) in concentrate mixture of group B and C to make the final fluoride concentration 30 ppm and 60 ppm respectively. The animals were kept on scheduled diet for a period of 90 days. Body weights were recorded at the start of the experiment and at fortnightly interval thereafter. Analysis of data revealed that the dry matter intake decreased non significantly in group B and C as compared to control group. A significant decrease in serum calcium and a significant increase in phosphorus concentration were observed in group C animals. A significant increase was observed in alkaline phosphatase activity in group C animals. A non significant decrease was observed in T₄ values in group C animals. On the basis of these results it could be concluded that fluoride in the diet of buffalo calves @ 30 ppm is a safe level whereas 60 ppm has affected the blood metabolites.     

沈阳地区高氟地下水形成机理研究

根据沈阳地区多年水文地质和气象资料,初步探明了该地区高氟地下水的主要分布区域,并从水文地质等因素方面分析了该地区高氟地下水的形成机理。